A novel 1 × 2 optical power splitter with PBG structures on SOI substrate

A novel 1 × 2 optical power splitter in size of 8.0 μm × 4.2 μm is presented in this paper, by using photonic bandgap (PBG) structures on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The splitting ratio can be adjusted by changing the air hole position to get wide tuning range. The design is examined by the commercial finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) software for various splitting ratios. Some approximated formulas are obtained through curve-fitting to facilitate design process.     

1X2 and 2X2 SOI Switch Applying in Optical Communication Network

We proposed a 1 × 2 and 2×2 SOI switches for applying in fiber optic communication network. The optical path loss and signal-to-noise ratio are evaluated and compared in this paper.     

Design and analysis of a new silicon-on-insulator waveguide Michelson interferometer sensor

A new designed and analyzed silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide Michelson interferometer (SMI) sensor is proposed in this paper. The authors compare an optical SMI sensor, a silicon-on-insulator Bragg waveguide grating (SBG) sensor, and a fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBG) for temperature sensing in medicine applications. The SMI sensor has 20 times sensing more accuracy than the FBG sensor. Moreovr, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the pass-band frequency responses of our proposed SMI can be designed much narrower than FBG and SBG sensors for sensing resolution enhancement. Further, the improved characteristics of the SMI demonstrated in this paper could pave the way for future high density temperature monitoring medicine applications.     

On the entropic perturbation and exponential penalty methods for linear programming

This note points out that the recently proposed exponential penalty approach to linear programming is identical to the well-known entropic perturbation approach. The primal and dual trajectories provided by these two approaches are shown to be equivalent.The work of the first author was supported partially by the North Carolina Supercomputing Center and 1995 Cray Research Grant.     

A Polarization-Stabilized Fiber-Optical Output Infrared Laser Source

In this paper, we successfully invented a polarization controlled light source for coherent or noncoherent fiber communication systems. The structure of our experiment includes 89C51 control board and feedback circuit which can stabilize states of polarization (SOPs) of output light. From the SOP modulation results, the given degree of polarization can be effectively controlled and the polarization state can be arbitrarily changed.     

Reactivity of the Hydroxy Groups in Melezitose and Their Selective Protection

The reactivity of melezitose hydroxy groups was studied by tritylation in pyridine with subsequent acetylation. After partial detritylation of the products, acetyl group transfer from position 4 to 6 was observed. The structure of the prepared melezitose derivatives was established on the basis of their IR, ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹H-¹H COSY NMR, and mass spectra (fast atom bombardment), as well as from the results of model calculations performed with the aid of SGI Indigo Molecule-Pattern-Work-Station software package (Biosym) where the potential energy function was approximated with the CVFF potential. The reactivity of primary hydroxy groups in melezitose was found to decrease in the following order: 6' > 6 6' > 1'.     

Preparation of Zirconia Nanocrystals from Concentrated Zirconium Aqueous Solutions

A high concentration (0.8 M) zirconium solution turned into a stable aqueous colloid of about 60 nm in size upon low temperature (96^°C) incubation. Changing the acid concentration did not affect the colloidal growth rate nor the final colloid size much. However, the induction time before the rapid growth of colloidal particle could be altered. By limiting the incubation to just before the rapid growth of colloidal zirconia, and the addition of organic acids as surface modifiers, non-agglomerated primary crystallites (10 nm) of m-ZrO₂ could be recovered. These modified primary crystallites could then be repeatedly flocculated and redispersed in water by adjusting the pH.     

Rule of five cyclizations in 5‐hexenyl radicals and photocycloadditions of 1,5‐hexadienes: effect of 4‐oxa substitution

The effect of 4‐oxa substitution on the regiochemistry and rate of 5‐hexenyl radical cyclizations was investigated, as a potential model for [2 + 2] photocycloadditions of 2‐acyl‐4‐oxa‐1,5‐hexadienes. Increasing the electron density in the alkene decreases the rate of cyclization in the 4‐oxa‐hexenyl radicals, relative to the all carbon analogs, but has little effect on the regioselectivity of the cyclization. The radical model does not reproduce the high degree of 1,6 closure, observed in the [2 + 2] photocycloadditions for 4‐oxa‐1,5‐hexadiene 1a . However, the radical model does reinforce the interpretation that ground state conformational effects, engendered by substitution remote from the reacting centers have important rate consequences for cyclization reactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Temperature field distribution in multi-layered solid media heated with multi-modes laser beam

In the present paper we want to develop an analytical model to study the thermal behavior of multi-layered solid media in interaction with a laser beam. We suppose that each layer has a constant thermal conductivity. We consider that the laser beam is formed by decoupled [Phys Rev A 1996; 53: 4435] multi-modes Hermite–Gauss beams. The model is applied using the classical heat equation which was solved using the integral transform method [Infrared Phys Technol 2002; 42: 31; Optics Laser Technol 2004; 36: 219–22; Optics Laser Technol 2004; 36: 677–9; Proc SPIE 2003; 5227: 323].     

Thermal fields in laser–multi-layer structures interaction

In the present paper, we are dealing with the thermal fields for laser–periodic multilayer structures interaction. Our point of view is originally that we consider any order transverse laser beams, like heating sources. We consider that the laser beam acts in IR (Nd:YAG or CO₂ laser beam) and it is in one transverse mode or in only a few decoupled modes. In order to solve this problem, we will use the Green function method. Specific results are presented for a laser beam (Nd:YAG laser) operating in the mode TEM₀₁ and a two-layer structure.