Ion trap mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of haemoglobin peptides modified by epichlorohydrin and diepoxybutane

Ion trap mass spectrometry has been shown to be particularly suitable for the structural analysis of high molecular weight peptides directly fragmented in the mass analyser without needing further sub-digestion reactions. Here we report the advantages of using multi-stage ion trap mass spectrometry in the structural characterisation of haemoglobin alkylated with epichlorohydrin and diepoxybutane. Alkylated globins were digested with trypsin and the peptide mixtures were analysed by MS(3). This technique allows the sequential fragmentation of peptides under analysis, giving rise to MS(3) product ion spectra with additional information with respect to MS(2) mass spectra. The results obtained complete the previously reported structural characterisation of alkylated haemoglobin, demonstrating the potential of ion trap mass spectrometry.     

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF B16 PIGMENTED MELANOMA WITH LIPOSOME-DELIVERED Si(IV)-NAPHTHALOCYANINE

The possibility of extending photodynamic therapy to the treatment of highly pigmented neoplastic lesions was tested by using Si(IV)-naphthalocyanine (SiNc) as a tumor-localizing agent. Si(IV)-naphthalocyanine displays intense absorbance at 776 nm (ɛ= 5 × 10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹), where melanin absorption becomes weaker. As an experimental model we selected B16 pigmented melanoma subcutaneously transplanted to C57BL mice. Upon injection of 0.5 or 1 mg kg⁻¹ of liposome-incorporated SiNc, maximal accumulation of the photosensitizer in the tumor was observed at 24 h with recoveries of 0.35 and 0.57 μg g⁻¹, respectively. However, the tumor targeting by SiNc shows essentially no selectivity, since the photosensitizer concentrations in the skin (peritumoral tissue) were very similar to those found in the tumor at all postinjection times examined by us. Irradiation of SiNc-loaded melanoma with 776 nm light from a diode laser at 24 h postinjection induces tumor necrosis and delay of tumor growth. The effect appears to be of purely photochemical nature at dose rates up to 260 mW cm⁻²; at higher dose rates, thermal effects are likely to become important.     

Über die Feststellung aseptischer Knochennekrose durch Bestimmung der Knochenstruktur

Zusammenfassung Durch eineLaue-Aufnahme ist es möglich, ohne jede Vermessung oder Berechnung gesunden und nekrotischen Knochen zu unterscheiden. Im Knochen, der der Nekrose verfallen ist, spielen sich Strukturveränderungen ab, die mit Hilfe einesLaue-Diagramms oft viele Monate vor der klinischen Diagnose feststellbar sind.

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Summary By means of aLaue-picture, it is possible to distinguish healthy and necrotic bones without measurement or calculation. In bones, which have undergone necrosis, structural changes occur which often can be detected by means of aLaue diagram many months before the clinical diagnosis reveals this condition.

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Résumé A l'aide d'un cloché deLaue, il est possible se distinguer entre les os sains et les os nécrosés, sans aucune mesure et sans aucun calcul. Dans l'os qui est attaqué par la nécrose, on voit des changements de structure, décelables au moyen du diagramme deLaue, souvent plusieurs mois avant le diagnostic clinique.

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Die Untersuchungen, die dem vorliegenden Bericht zugrunde liegen, sind vom Herbst 1943 bis Juli 1944 ausgeführt worden und konnten der Zeitumstände halber seinerzeit nicht publiziert werden.

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Mit 9 Abbildungen.     

The dynamical structure of the Einstein equations for a non-rotating starss

The relativistic interior dynamics of a spherically symmetric, non rotating star composed of an elastic material is analyzed. A suitable formulation of relativistic elasticity is used, and the corresponding second order Einstein equations are found. The equations arise naturally in a non-comoving frame and reduce, in the static case, to the generalized Tohnan-Oppenheimer-Volkhoff equations considered by J. Kijowski and the author in a previous paper. The charged case is also discussed.     

Densitometric HPTLC Quantification of 2-Azaanthraquinone Isolated from Mitracarpus scaber and Antimicrobial Activity against Dermatophilus congolensis

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - 2-Azaanthraquinone (benzo[g]isoquinoline) isolated from Mitracarpus scaber has been found to have in-vitro antimicrobial activity...     

Statistical evaluation of occupational noise exposure

Assessment of the risk involved in occupational noise exposure (L_EP,d) is significantly affected by assumptions and uncertainties in setting true exposure conditions meaning that the calculation according to the European legislation might not be fully representative.The paper describes a probabilistic model to evaluate occupational noise exposure and calculate the confidence interval for L_EP,d. This confidence interval is defined in function of the number of samples of both exposure time and equivalent noise level that must be taken in different areas of the work environment or for different operator tasks. The model determines the minimum number and the type of samples to obtain a confidence interval for L_EP,d which falls with the given level of precision entirely into the classes defined by 86/188/CEE Directive (and following 2003/10/CE Directive).Finally, the model has been applied (by means of a software tool implementing the model and developed by the authors) to a newspaper rotary press plant, where production is supervised by a team of workers that access the various parts of the plant (3 vertical levels) for regulation and/or maintenance.     

Analytical results for 2‐D non‐rectilinear waveguides based on a Green's function

We consider the problem of wave propagation for a 2‐D rectilinear optical waveguide which presents some perturbation. We construct a mathematical framework to study such a problem and prove the existence of a solution for the case of small imperfections. Our results are based on the knowledge of a Green's function for the rectilinear case. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering to study the high-frequency atomic dynamics of disordered systems

The use of momentum-resolved inelastic x-ray scattering with meV energy resolution to study the high-frequency atomic dynamics in disordered systems is here reviewed. The typical realization of this experiment is described together with some common models used to interpret the measured spectra and to extract parameters of interest for the investigation of disordered systems. With the help of some selected examples, the present status of the field is discussed. Particular attention is given to those results which are still open for discussion or controversial, and which will require further development of the technique to be fully solved. Such an instrumental development seems nowadays possible at the light of recently proposed schemes for advanced inelastic x-ray scattering spectrometers. To cite this article: G. Monaco, C. R. Physique 9 (2008).