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111.
We find the structure of generators of norm-continuous quantum Markov semigroups on B(h){\mathcal{B}({\rm h})} that are symmetric with respect to the scalar product tr (ρ
1/2
x*ρ
1/2
y) induced by a faithful normal invariant state ρ and satisfy two quantum generalisations of the classical detailed balance condition related with this non-commutative notion
of symmetry: the so-called standard detailed balance condition and the standard detailed balance condition with an antiunitary
time reversal. 相似文献
112.
Guerrieri F Maccone L Wong FN Shapiro JH Tisa S Zappa F 《Physical review letters》2010,105(16):163602
The Rayleigh diffraction bound sets the minimum separation for two point objects to be distinguishable in a conventional imaging system. We demonstrate sub-Rayleigh resolution by scanning a focused beam--in an arbitrary, object-covering pattern that is unknown to the imager--and using N-photon photodetection implemented with a single-photon avalanche detector array. Experiments show resolution improvement by a factor ~(N-N(max))(?) beyond the Rayleigh bound, where N(max) is the maximum average detected photon number in the image, in good agreement with theory. 相似文献
113.
Stephen D. Mayhew Bradley J. Macintosh Sharon G. Dirckx Gian Domenico Iannetti Richard G. Wise 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2010
We investigate the relationship between the temporal variation in the magnitude of occipital visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and of haemodynamic measures of brain activity obtained using both blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and perfusion sensitive (ASL) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Volunteers underwent a continuous BOLD fMRI scan and/or a continuous perfusion-sensitive (gradient and spin echo readout) ASL scan, during which 30 second blocks of contrast reversing visual stimuli (at 4 Hz) were interleaved with 30 second blocks of rest (visual fixation). Electroencephalography (EEG) and fMRI were simultaneously recorded and following EEG artefact cleaning, VEPs were averaged across the whole stimulation block (120 reversals, VEP120) and at a finer timescale (15 reversals, VEP15). Both BOLD and ASL time-series were linearly modelled to establish: (1) the mean response to visual stimulation, (2) transient responses at the start and end of each stimulation block, (3) the linear decrease between blocks, (4) the nonlinear between-block variation (covariation with VEP120), (5) the linear decrease within block and (6) the nonlinear variation within block (covariation with VEP15). 相似文献
114.
W. James. Feast Franco Cacialli Rusli Daik Richard H. Friend Erwin Herzog Brigid R. Heywood Lois Hobson Joanna L. Megson David Snowden 《Macromolecular Symposia》1999,143(1):81-93
This paper discusses some of the reasons why precision and control in polymer synthesis is of importance. By way of illustration it describes in outline recent results from the authors' laboratories in three areas. Namely; the controlled syntheses of poly(arylene vinylene)s and the influence of cis/trans vinylene content on luminescence in such polymers; the living polymerisation of highly functionalised polymers in water and the regulation of the crystallisation of calcium carbonate from water by the resultant well-defined water soluble polymers; and a simple route to hyperbranched polymers and the influence of the structure and topology of the products on solution properties. In each case the influence of control of architecture on properties will be discussed. 相似文献
115.
Bruno Crociani Simonetta Antonaroli Franco Benetollo Matteo Bertoldini 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2008,693(26):3932-3938
The preparation of the new ligand 8-(di-tert-butylphosphinooxy)quinoline (1) and the palladium derivatives [PdCl2(1)] (2), [Pd(η3-all)(1)]+ [all = C3H5 (3a), 1-PhC3H4 (3b) and 1,3-Ph2C3H3 (3c)] and [Pd(η2-ol)(1)] [ol = dimethyl fumarate (4a) and fumaronitrile (4b)] is reported. The cationic species 3a-3c have been isolated as salts. The complex 3a(BF4) is obtained either from the reaction of 1 with [Pd(μ-Cl)(η3-C3H5)]2 or from the reaction of ClP(CMe3)2 with [Pd(η3-C3H5)(8-oxyquinoline)], followed in both cases by chloride abstraction with NaBF4. In the complexes, the ligand 1 is P,N chelated to the central metal, as shown by the X-ray structural analysis of 3a(BF4). At 25 °C in solution, 3a(BF4) and 3b(BF4) undergo a fast η3−η1−η3 dynamic process which brings about a syn-anti exchange only for the allylic protons cis to phosphorus, while for 4a and 4b a slow rotation of the olefin around its bond axis to palladium takes place. The complexes 2 and 3a(BF4) are efficient catalyst precursors in the coupling of the phenylboronic acid with aryl bromides and chlorides. 相似文献
116.
Andreu R Cerdán MA Franco S Garín J Marco AB Orduna J Palomas D Villacampa B Alicante R Allain M 《Organic letters》2008,10(21):4963-4966
Replacement of the tricyanofuran (TCF) acceptor by its stronger analogue CF 3-TCF results in decreased second-order optical nonlinearities in merocyanines bearing a proaromatic 1,3-dithiole donor. The TCF-containing derivatives display exceptionally high mu beta values up to 31,000 x 10(-48) esu, unprecedented for 1,3-dithiole-based NLO-phores. 相似文献
117.
Amorati R Catarzi F Menichetti S Pedulli GF Viglianisi C 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2008,130(1):237-244
Rotation about the Ar-S bond in ortho-(alkylthio)phenols strongly affects the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and the reactivity of the OH group. Newly synthesized sulfur containing heterocycles 3 and 4, where the -SR group is almost coplanar with the phenolic ring, are characterized by unusually low BDE(O-H) values (79.6 and 79.2 kcal/mol, respectively) and by much higher reactivities toward peroxyl radicals than the ortho-methylthio derivative 1 (82.0 kcal/mol). The importance of the intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) in determining the BDE(O-H) was demonstrated by FT-IR experiments, which showed that in heterocycles 3 and 4 the IHB between the phenolic OH group and the S atom is much weaker than that present in 1. Since the IHB can be formed only if the -SR group adopts an out-of-plane geometry, this interaction is possible only in the methylthio derivative 1 and not in 3 and 4. The additive contribution to the phenolic BDE(O-H) of the -SR substituent therefore varies from -3.1 to +2.8 kcal/mol for the in-plane and out-of-plane conformations, respectively. These results may be relevant to understanding the role of the tyrosine-cysteine link in the active site of galactose oxidase, an important enzyme that catalyzes the two-electron aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. The switching of the ortho -SR substituent between perpendicular and planar conformations may account for the catalytic efficiency of this enzyme. 相似文献
118.
Cholesterylbutyrate (Chol-but) was chosen as a prodrug of butyric acid. Butyrate is not often used in vivo because its half-life is very short and therefore too large amounts of the drug would be necessary for its efficacy. In the last few years butyric acid's anti-inflammatory properties and its inhibitory activity towards histone deacetylases have been widely studied, mainly in vitro. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), whose lipid matrix is Chol-but, were prepared to evaluate the delivery system of Chol-but as a prodrug and to test its efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Chol-but SLNs were prepared using the microemulsion method; their average diameter is on the order of 100-150 nm and their shape is spherical. The antineoplastic effects of Chol-but SLNs were assessed in vitro on different cancer cell lines and in vivo on a rat intracerebral glioma model. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells to vascular endothelial cells. In the review we will present data on Chol-but SLNs in vitro and in vivo experiments, discussing the possible utilisation of nanoparticles for the delivery of prodrugs for neoplastic and chronic inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
119.
Priscila I. Soares Thaís M. Lima Luiza. A. do Nascimento Rafael M. Coelho Diego L. Franco Arnaldo C. Pereira Lucas F. Ferreira 《Electroanalysis》2023,35(5):e202200302
Caffeic acid (CA)-modified graphite electrodes [GE/poly(CA)] was applied to the co-detection of copper and lead in artisanal sugarcane spirit using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Electrochemical and morphological studies were performed, and a mechanism for polymerization was proposed. Electropolymerization, SWASV, and analysis conditions parameters were optimized. Interferents, repeatability, reproducibility, and addition and recovery tests were carried out. GE/poly(CA) shows a linear range from 15 to 705 μg/L with a limit of detection of 3.01 μg/L for Pb(II) and 4.50 μg/L for Cu(II). Real samples of artisanal sugarcane spirit were used, and the electrochemical results were compared with atomic absorption spectroscopy experiments. 相似文献
120.
Jianye Ge Benjamin Crysup Dixie Peters Romy Franco Muyi Liu Xuewen Wang Meng Huang Bruce Budowle 《Electrophoresis》2023,44(13-14):1080-1087
Y chromosome Short Tandem Repeat (STR) haplotypes have been used in assisting forensic investigations primarily for identification and male lineage determination. The current SWGDAM interpretation guidelines for Y-STR typing provide helpful guidance on those purposes but do not address the issue of kinship analysis with Y-STR haplotypes. Because of the high mutation rate of Y-STRs, there are complex missing person cases in which inconsistent Y-STR haplotypes between true paternal lineage relatives will arise and cases with two or more male references in the same lineage and yet differ in their haplotypes. Therefore, more useful methods are needed for interpreting the Y-STR haplotype data. Computational methods and interpretation guidelines have been developed specifically addressing this issue, either using a mismatch-based counting method or a pedigree likelihood ratio method. In this study, a software program, MPKin-YSTR, was developed by implementing those more sophisticated methods. This software should be able to improve the interpretation of complex cases with Y-STR haplotype evidence. Thus, more biological evidence will be interpreted, which in turn will result in more investigation leads to help solve crimes. 相似文献