基于粒子群优化的竞优评析拓展方法及评价引导功效——以TOPSIS模式为例

现有的竞优评析研究主要以线性加权、数据包络分析等线性模型为基础,缺少普适于非线性效用函数的竞优评析研究,限制了竞优评析理论的适用范围与发展空间。本文以TOPSIS效用函数为例,采用PSO优化算法解决非线性个体优势特征识别问题,实现竞优评析理论的拓展。最后,以人力资源管理中的人员业绩评价问题为例给出具体算例,对比验证了所提拓展方法的正确性与有效性;同时,结合计算结果所具有的“极端价值主张”现象,从评价方法的“后效”引导作用的角度,提出了评价方法的“引导功效”概念及其评判标准,供选择评价方法时参考。     

Oriented bipartite graphs and the Goldbach graph

In this paper, we study oriented bipartite graphs. In particular, we introduce “bitransitive” graphs. Several characterizations of bitransitive bitournaments are obtained. We show that bitransitive bitounaments are equivalent to acyclic bitournaments. As applications, we characterize acyclic bitournaments with Hamiltonian paths, determine the number of non-isomorphic acyclic bitournaments of a given order, and solve the graph-isomorphism problem in linear time for acyclic bitournaments. Next, we prove the well-known Caccetta-Häggkvist Conjecture for oriented bipartite graphs in some cases for which it is unsolved, in general, for oriented graphs. We also introduce the concept of undirected as well as oriented “odd-even” graphs. We characterize bipartite graphs and acyclic oriented bipartite graphs in terms of them. In fact, we show that any bipartite graph (acyclic oriented bipartite graph) can be represented by some odd-even graph (oriented odd-even graph). We obtain some conditions for connectedness of odd-even graphs. This study of odd-even graphs and their connectedness is motivated by a special family of odd-even graphs which we call “Goldbach graphs”. We show that the famous Goldbach's conjecture is equivalent to the connectedness of Goldbach graphs. Several other number theoretic conjectures (e.g., the twin prime conjecture) are related to various parameters of Goldbach graphs, motivating us to study the nature of vertex-degrees and independent sets of these graphs. Finally, we observe Hamiltonian properties of some odd-even graphs related to Goldbach graphs for a small number of vertices.     

A probabilistic approach to the leader problem in random graphs

We study the fixation time of the identity of the leader, that is, the most massive component, in the general setting of Aldous's multiplicative coalescent, which in an asymptotic sense describes the evolution of the component sizes of a wide array of near‐critical coalescent processes, including the classical Erd?s‐Rényi process. We show tightness of the fixation time in the “Brownian” regime, explicitly determining the median value of the fixation time to within an optimal O(1) window. This generalizes ?uczak's result for the Erd?s‐Rényi random graph using completely different techniques. In the heavy‐tailed case, in which the limit of the component sizes can be encoded using a thinned pure‐jump Lévy process, we prove that only one‐sided tightness holds. This shows a genuine difference in the possible behavior in the two regimes.     

显微拉曼光谱检验射击残留物

建立了一种使用显微拉曼成像光谱仪检验发射火药、火药燃烧后产物和射击残留物的方法。取警用仿9×19巴拉贝鲁姆手枪弹发射药颗粒和“QSZ92式”9毫米手枪发射药燃烧后的产物,同时提取射击者手部射击残留物、枪管内射击残留物和目标靶物上射击残留物。使用显微拉曼成像光谱仪对采集的发射火药、火药燃烧后产物和射击残留物样本进行拉曼检测。实验中发现检测上述样品宜采用455 nm波长激光,此波段激光可有效避开荧光的干扰;激光强度选择6.0 mW,该能量下拉曼强度可达到最大,与其他杂峰有较好的区分;同时观察物镜选择50倍条件,该倍数条件下,可看到待测样本的微观形态特征,也可以最大程度的吸收拉曼信号。采用以上参数,待测样本获得的拉曼信号效果最好。拉曼光谱的检测谱图结果证明发射火药、火药燃烧后成分和其他部位提取的射击残留物主要成分基本一致,这些成分主要来源于待测样品中的有机成分部分。火药燃烧后成分和其他部位提取射击残留物的某些部分拉曼强度相对于发射火药有所下降和变化,实验中荧光现象有所加强,证明了射击后某些特定的成分会发生变化。50倍物镜条件下,微观形态可比性强,发现待测物表面存在表面黑亮、塌陷空洞和裂缝等特点,这些特点可视为不同类型待测样品的典型微观形态特征,也可作为判定射击残留物的有力证据。该方法可利用拉曼光谱对发射火药、火药燃烧后产物和射击残留物进行无损检验,符合当下光谱检验和法庭科学对此类样品的检验要求。同时方法的灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便。     

Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/graphene nanosheet composites and their application for hydrogen peroxide detection

Abstract  

Ag nanoparticles/graphene nanosheet (AgNPs/GN) composites have been rapidly prepared by a one-pot microwave-assisted reduction method, carried out by microwave irradiation of a N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of graphene oxide (GO) and AgNO₃. Several analytical techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize the resulting AgNPs/GN composites. It suggests that such composites exhibit good catalytic activity toward reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), leading to a H₂O₂ sensor with a fast amperometric response time of less than 2 s. The linear detection range is estimated to be from 0.1 to 100 mM (r = 0.999), and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.5 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.     

抵押贷款信用违约互换的定价

在结构化方法框架下,用偏微分方程方法,对抵押贷款的信用违约互换进行定价.给出了形式解,并进行数值计算和参数分析.     

A naphthyridine based macrocyclic “switching on” fluorescent receptor for cadmium

A new macrocyclic receptor 1 having [1,8]-naphthyridine fluorophore is designed and synthesized for selective fluorescence sensing of Cd²⁺. Receptor 1 selectively responds to Cd²⁺ over other tested metal ions via a large enhancement of emission intensity due to the cation-induced CHEF (chelation enhanced fluorescence) effect. Receptor 1 although exhibits some affinity towards Zn²⁺, it selectively binds Cd²⁺ over Zn²⁺. Binding and selectivity were examined by ¹H-NMR, fluorescence, UV-vis, mass and IR-spectroscopic techniques.     

Measurements of electron thermal transport due to electron temperature gradient modes in a basic experiment

Production and identification of electron temperature gradient modes have already been reported [X. Wei, V. Sokolov, and A.?K. Sen, Phys. Plasmas 17, 042108 (2010)]. Now a measurement of electron thermal conductivity via a unique high frequency triple probe yielded a value of χ(⊥e) ranging between 2 and 10 m(2)/s, which is of the order of a several gyrobohm diffusion coefficient. This experimental result appears to agree with a value of nonlocal thermal conductivity obtained from a rough theoretical estimation and not inconsistent with gyrokinetic simulation results for tokamaks. The first experimental scaling of the thermal conductivity versus the amplitude of the electron temperature gradient fluctuation is also obtained. It is approximately linear, indicating a strong turbulence signature.     

Synthesis of ultrathin FePtPd nanowires and their use as catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction

We report a facile synthesis of ultrathin (2.5 nm) trimetallic FePtPd alloy nanowires (NWs) with tunable compositions and controlled length (<100 nm). The NWs were made by thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)(5) and sequential reduction of Pt(acac)(2) (acac = acetylacetonate) and Pd(acac)(2) at temperatures from 160 to 240 °C. These FePtPd NWs showed composition-dependent catalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction. Among FePtPd and FePt NWs as well as Pd, Pt, and PtPd nanoparticles (NPs) studied in 0.2 M methanol and 0.1 M HClO(4) solution, the Fe(28)Pt(38)Pd(34) NWs showed the highest activity, with their mass current density reaching 488.7 mA/mg Pt and peak potential for methanol oxidation decreasing to 0.614 V from 0.665 V (Pt NP catalyst). The NW catalysts were also more stable than the NP catalysts, with the Fe(28)Pt(38)Pd(34) NWs retaining the highest mass current density (98.1 mA/mg Pt) after a 2 h current-time test at 0.4 V. These trimetallic NWs are a promising new class of catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction and for direct methanol fuel cell applications.     

Study on the preparation and electrical properties of NTC thick film thermistor deposited by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying

In the present work, a series of thick Ni_0.6Mg_0.3Mn_1.5−xAl_0.6+xO₄(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) films (50 ± 10 μm) with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) were firstly deposited by newly developed high efficiency supersonic atmospheric plasma spray (SAPS) method. The phase, microstructure and electrical properties of films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and two-probe technique. The results showed that all the films were composed of cubic spinel structure, and the MgAl₂O₄ phase increased with increasing the Al₂O₃ content in the original powders. In addition, the films showed a dense and smooth surface with some pores in the grain boundaries. All the as-sprayed films showed a linear relationship between ln resistivity and reciprocal of absolute temperature (1/T) in the temperature range from 25 °C to 220 °C, which indicated a NTC characteristic.