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41.
Nancy C. Forero-Martinez Robinson Cortes-Huerto Antonio Benedetto Pietro Ballone 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(5)
The thermodynamics, structures, and applications of thermoresponsive systems, consisting primarily of water solutions of organic salts, are reviewed. The focus is on organic salts of low melting temperatures, belonging to the ionic liquid (IL) family. The thermo-responsiveness is represented by a temperature driven transition between a homogeneous liquid state and a biphasic state, comprising an IL-rich phase and a solvent-rich phase, divided by a relatively sharp interface. Demixing occurs either with decreasing temperatures, developing from an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), or, less often, with increasing temperatures, arising from a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In the former case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both positive, and enthalpy prevails at low T. In the latter case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both negative, and entropy drives the demixing with increasing T. Experiments and computer simulations highlight the contiguity of these phase separations with the nanoscale inhomogeneity (nanostructuring), displayed by several ILs and IL solutions. Current applications in extraction, separation, and catalysis are briefly reviewed. Moreover, future applications in forward osmosis desalination, low-enthalpy thermal storage, and water harvesting from the atmosphere are discussed in more detail. 相似文献
42.
Jiacheng Lin Chiara Figazzolo Michael A. Metrick II Pietro Sormanni Michele Vendruscolo 《Chemical science》2021,12(41):13940
The expansion of structural databases and the increase in computing power are enabling approaches for antibody discovery based on computational design. It has already been shown that it is possible to use this approach to generate antibodies for specific epitopes on challenging targets. Here we describe an application of this procedure for antibody maturation through the computational design of mutational variants of increased potency. We illustrate this procedure in the case of a single-domain antibody targeting an epitope in the N-terminal region of Aβ42, a peptide whose aggregation is closely associated with Alzheimer''s disease. We show that this approach enables the generation of an antibody variant with over 200-fold increased potency against the primary nucleation process in Aβ42 aggregation. Our results thus demonstrate that potentiated antibody variants can be obtained by computational maturation.A computational maturation method enables the generation of an antibody variant with over 200-fold increased potency against the primary nucleation process in Aβ42 aggregation. 相似文献
43.
M. Papa G. Cardella A. Di Pietro S. L. Li A. Musumarra G. Pappalardo F. Rizzo A. De Rosa G. Inglima M. La Commara D. Pierroutsakou M. Romoli 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1995,353(2):205-212
The properties of the strong fluctuations observed in the excitation functions of Dissipative Binary Heavy Ion Collisions (DBHIC) have been studied for the system28Si+28Si in the energy range 150 MeV ≤E lab ≤ 156 MeV with 150 keV step laboratory incident energy, by angular distributions and excitation functions measurements. Experimental results are compared to the the recently developed Partially Overlapping Molecular Level Model (POMLM). The parameters of the model have been determined with reasonable accuracy by describing all the quantities characterizing the fluctuations in the excitation functions i.e.: Average Angular Distributions, Energy Autocorrelation Functions, Variances, Angular Correlation Coefficients. The results of the analysis strongly support the idea of a process proceeding through the formation of an highly excited “nuclear molecule”. Experimental data collected at the most forward angles show the effects of strong excitation of a few final channels. 相似文献
44.
Patrizia Berti Luca Pratelli Pietro Rigo 《Probability Theory and Related Fields》2010,148(1-2):269-283
Let ${(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, P)}$ be a probability space. For each ${\mathcal{G}\subset\mathcal{F}}$ , define ${\overline{\mathcal{G}}}$ as the σ-field generated by ${\mathcal{G}}$ and those sets ${F\in \mathcal{F}}$ satisfying ${P(F)\in\{0,1\}}$ . Conditions for P to be atomic on ${\cap_{i=1}^k\overline{\mathcal{A}_i}}$ , with ${\mathcal{A }_1,\ldots,\mathcal{A}_k\subset\mathcal{F}}$ sub-σ-fields, are given. Conditions for P to be 0-1-valued on ${\cap_{i=1}^k \overline{\mathcal{A}_i}}$ are given as well. These conditions are useful in various fields, including Gibbs sampling, iterated conditional expectations and the intersection property. 相似文献
45.
Pietro Aiena 《Archiv der Mathematik》1988,50(5):459-462
This work was supported in part by the Italian Research Science Foundation (C.N.R.), Fondi Ministeriali 40%, 1986. 相似文献
46.
An interferometric method for measuring the focal length of power-distributed lenses is described. The test lens is illuminated by a regular pitch interferometric pattern produced by a reflective diffraction grating interferometer. In order to measure the focal length, a CCD camera digitizes the image of the pattern magnified by the lens, and fast Fourier transformed to reconstruct the phase modulo 2π along each row. The change in spatial frequency is determined by unwrapping the phase along each row of the digitized imaged pattern. The technique is used for measuring the focal length distribution inside the progression corridor of both positive and negative progressive lenses. 相似文献
47.
Characterization of a Marshall-Olkin type class of distributions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pietro Muliere Marco Scarsini 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1987,39(1):429-441
Summary A class of bivariate distributions that generalize Marshall-Olkin's one is characterized through a functional equation which
involves two associative operations. The obtained distributions concentrate positive mass on the linex=y when the two associative operations coincide; otherwise a positive mass is concentrated on a continuous monotone function.
Work performed while the authors were members of CNR-GNAFA. 相似文献
48.
49.
Let be a vector lattice of real functions on a set with , and let be a linear positive functional on . Conditions are given which imply the representation , , for some bounded charge . As an application, for any bounded charge on a field , the dual of is shown to be isometrically isomorphic to a suitable space of bounded charges on . In addition, it is proved that, under one more assumption on , is the integral with respect to a -additive bounded charge.
50.
We perform a study of the nonperturbative dynamics of the light-quark sector of QCD, based on some recent results of lattice simulations with chiral fermions. We analyze some correlators that are designed to probe the Dirac structure of the quark-quark interaction at different scales. We show that, in the nonperturbative regime, such an interaction contains very large scalar and pseudoscalar components. We observe quantitative agreement between lattice QCD results and the predictions of the instanton liquid model. Moreover, we study how the quark-quark interaction is modified, when quark loops are suppressed. We observe a dramatic effect related to the loss of unitarity, which is naturally explained in the instanton picture. Such an effect cannot be explained in a Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSE) approach, if one assumes a vector quark-gluon coupling. 相似文献