Pressure‐Induced Polymerization and Electrical Conductivity of a Polyiodide

We report the high‐pressure structural characterization of an organic polyiodide salt in which a progressive addition of iodine to triiodide groups occurs. Compression leads to the initial formation of discrete heptaiodide units, followed by polymerization to a 3D anionic network. Although the structural changes appear to be continuous, the insulating salt becomes a semiconducting polymer above 10 GPa. The features of the pre‐reactive state and the polymerized state are revealed by analysis of the computed electron and energy densities. The unusually high electrical conductivity can be explained with the formation of new bonds.     

Metal-based Heterogeneous Catalysts for One-Pot Synthesis of Secondary Anilines from Nitroarenes and Aldehydes

Recently, N-substituted anilines have been the object of increasing research interest in the field of organic chemistry due to their role as key intermediates for the synthesis of important compounds such as polymers, dyes, drugs, agrochemicals and pharmaceutical products. Among the various methods reported in literature for the formation of C–N bonds to access secondary anilines, the one-pot reductive amination of aldehydes with nitroarenes is the most interesting procedure, because it allows to obtain diverse N-substituted aryl amines by simple reduction of nitro compounds followed by condensation with aldehydes and subsequent reduction of the imine intermediates. These kinds of tandem reactions are generally catalyzed by transition metal-based catalysts, mainly potentially reusable metal nanoparticles. The rapid growth in the last years in the field of metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for the one-pot reductive amination of aldehydes with nitroarenes demands for a review on the state of the art with a special emphasis on the different kinds of metals used as catalysts and their recyclability features.     

How Science Can Contribute to the Remedial Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Colloid science is contributing solutions to counteract the degradation of artifacts, favoring their transfer to future generations. Advanced materials such as nanoparticles, coatings, gels and microemulsions have been assessed in conservation, spanning from archeological sites to modern and contemporary art. We give an overview of the fundamental milestones and latest innovations in conservation science, targeting solutions and tools for remedial conservation based on green nanomaterials and hybrid systems. Future perspectives and outstanding challenges in this exciting field are then outlined.     

Correlated variations of nuclear radii and binding energies

In the present work we establish a correlation between variations of nuclear radii and binding energies as functions of particle numbers. Limitations and connections with other models are also discussed.     

Detachment instabilities in membranes

Summary Some free boundary value problems involving the equilibrium of elastic membranes are examined. Each membrane is clamped along a part of the boundary and uniformly loaded along another part. The clamped part is weakened by a crack. As the exterior load increases, the crack tends to extend and, for a certain critical value of the load, may run catastrophically.

---

Sommario Si esaminano alcuni problemi di frontiera libera relativi all'equilibrio delle membrane elastiche. Ciascuna membrana è incastrata lungo una parte del contorno e caricata uniformemente lungo l'altra. La parte incastrata é indebolita da una fessura. Quando il carico esterno cresce, la fessura tende ad estendersi e, per un certo valore critico del carico, può progredire catastroficamente.

     

On the continuity of the solution operator to the wave map system

We investigate the continuity properties of the solution operator to the wave map system from ? × ?ⁿ to a general nonflat target of arbitrary dimension, and we prove by an explicit class of counterexamples that this map is not uniformly continuous in the critical norms on any neighborhood of 0. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

On 6-(thenoyl)-7,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid

The annulation of the oxyacetic chain of thienylic acid into a γ-pyrone ring is described. The resulting 6-(2-thenoyl)-7,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid retains almost 80% of the diuretic activity of the parent compound.     

Polarization of Lidar Returns from Water Clouds: Calculations and Laboratory Scaled Measurements

The main features of a Monte Carlo code developed to deal with polarization of lidar returns from water clouds in multiple scattering regime are described. The paper presents an example of results pertaining to a stratified cloud structure, and a series of comparisons of calculation results with measurements carried out in the laboratory. For double scattering a comparison of Monte Carlo results with those of an analytical formula is also given.Presented at the 7th International Workshop on Multiple Scattering Lidar/Light Experiments (MUSCLE7), July 21–23 1994, Chiba, Japan.