Wake flow past a plate with spoiler II: Gravity effects

Summary The effects of transverse gravity on steady flow past a split plate are investigated, by adopting the wake model proposed in the preceding paper (I). The existence and uniqueness of the solution as well as the convergence of an iteration process involving the free streamlines are proved for large Froude numbers by means of the Banach contraction mapping principle using Lipschitz norms.

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Sunto Si studiano gli effetti dovuti ad un campo di gravità uniforme trasversale sul flusso con scia attorno ad un profilo sottile con spoiler usando un modello proposto nel precedente lavoro (I). Si dimostra l'esistenza, unicità, e la convergenza di un procedimento iterativo sulle linee di corrente libere, per grandi numeri di Froude, mediante il principio di contrazione in spazi di Banach.

     

Probabilistically induced domain decomposition methods for elliptic boundary-value problems

Monte Carlo as well as quasi-Monte Carlo methods are used to generate only few interfacial values in two-dimensional domains where boundary-value elliptic problems are formulated. This allows for a domain decomposition of the domain. A continuous approximation of the solution is obtained interpolating on such interfaces, and then used as boundary data to split the original problem into fully decoupled subproblems. The numerical treatment can then be continued, implementing any deterministic algorithm on each subdomain. Both, Monte Carlo (or quasi-Monte Carlo) simulations and the domain decomposition strategy allow for exploiting parallel architectures. Scalability and natural fault tolerance are peculiarities of the present algorithm. Examples concern Helmholtz and Poisson equations, whose probabilistic treatment presents additional complications with respect to the case of homogeneous elliptic problems without any potential term and source.     

Attractors in coherent systems of differential equations

Attractors of cooperative dynamical systems are particularly simple; for example, a nontrivial periodic orbit cannot be an attractor, and orbits are nowhere dense. This paper provides characterizations of attractors for the wider class of coherent systems, defined by the property that all directed feedback loops are positive. Several new results for cooperative systems are obtained in the process. Connections with biological models are discussed.     

Zum Nachweis der Indole oder Indolcarbons?uren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The added mass of a deformable cylinder moving in a liquid

Let an infinitely long cylinder move perpendicular to its length in an infinite mass of liquid which is at rest at infinity. If the cylinder is rigid, the whole effect of the presence of the liquid may be represented by adding to the inertia per unit length of the solid cylinder the mass per unit length of the displaced fluid. If, however, the cylinder is elastically deformable, the mass of the moving fluid depends on the change in shape of the, initially circular, cross-sections of the cylinder. Thus the added mass is no longer a constant, but a function of the pressure exerted by the fluid on the solid cylinder.     

A priori bounds for the plastic dissipation of elastic-plastic oscillators

Summary The possibility of enlarging the definition of collapse of elastic-plastic structures to include dynamic problems is first examined. It is concluded that the most satisfactory definition is the one given in terms of plastic dissipation. The simple case of a single-degree of freedom oscillator is then studied in detail. After giving some upper bounds for the dissipation with the aid of suitable a priori inequalities, a typical property of stability of the solution is employed to obtain a fairly severe bracketing of velocities throughout the motion. A numerical example, taken from a problem of seismic design, shows that the latter result leads to further improvements in majorizing the plastic dissipation.

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Sommario Si studia aapprima l'estensione della definizione di collasso di una struttura elastoplastica ai problemi di tipo dinamico, concludendo che la miglior caratterizzazione é quella in termini di dissipazione plastica. Si passa poi a considerare il caso di un oscillatore a un grado di libertà, per cui si calcolano limitazioni superiori della dissipazione ricorrendo a opportune diseguaglianze a priori. Utilizzando inoltre una proprietà di stabilità della soluzione, tipica dei problemi di Plasticità, si riescono a dare strette limitazioni per la velocità. Come mostrato da un esempio numerico tratto da un problema sismico, esse conducono anche ad una più accurata delimitazione della dissipazione plastica.

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This research was supported in part by the C.N.R., Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica e per le Applicazioni della Matematica alla Fisica e all'Ingegneria.     

Dipolar Rotors Orderly Aligned in Mesoporous Fluorinated Organosilica Architectures

New mesoporous covalent frameworks, based on hybrid fluorinated organosilicas, were prepared to realize a periodic architecture of fast molecular rotors containing dynamic dipoles in their structure. The mobile elements, designed on the basis of fluorinated p‐divinylbenzene moieties, were integrated into the robust covalent structure through siloxane bonds, and showed not only the rapid dynamics of the aromatic rings (ca. 10⁸ Hz at 325 K), as detected by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, but also a dielectric response typical of a fast dipole reorientation under the stimuli of an applied electric field. Furthermore, the mesochannels are open and accessible to diffusing in gas molecules, and rotor mobility could be individually regulated by I₂ vapors. The iodine enters the channels of the periodic structure and reacts with the pivotal double bonds of the divinyl‐fluoro‐phenylene rotors, affecting their motion and the dielectric properties.     

Microporous Molecular Materials from Dipeptides Containing Non‐proteinogenic Residues

Dipeptides with two hydrophobic side chains have proved to be an exceptional source of microporous organic materials, but since previous structures were limited to the incorporation of only proteinogenic residues, their full potential as adsorbents has remained unexplored. Single‐crystal XRD data for ten new compounds with non‐proteinogenic L ‐2‐aminobutanoic acid and/or L ‐2‐amino‐pentanoic acid are presented. The gas‐phase accessibility of their crystal pores, with cross‐sections of 2.3 to 5.1 Å, was monitored by CO₂ and CH₄ adsorption isotherms. Included CO₂ was also detected spectroscopically by 2D MAS NMR. An extensive conformational analysis reveals that the use of linear rather than branched side chains (such as L ‐valine and L ‐isoleucine) affords peptides with a greater degree of conformational freedom and yields more‐flexible channel surfaces that may easily adapt to a series of potential guest molecules.     

On the analytic expression of the free energy in linear viscoelasticity

Two definitions of free energy for a linear viscoelastic material, due to Graffi and to Coleman and Owen, are considered, and the compatibility of these definitions with some expressions of the free energy proposed in the literature is examined. For the expressions of Staverman and Schwarzl and of Breuer and Onat, the two definitions are proved to be equivalent, and the set of all relaxation functions for which the two expressions are indeed free energies is determined. Two more expressions, proposed by Volterra and Graffi and by Morro and Vianello, are taken into consideration. For them, only the classes of relaxation functions for which they are free energies according to the first definition, is completely characterized. All results are established under regularity assumptions weaker than those usually made in the literature.