The 3D motion of a solid with large deformations

We study in dimension 3 the motion of a solid with large deformations. The solid may be loaded on its surface by needles, rods, beams, shells, etc. Therefore, it is wise to choose a third gradient theory for the body. It is known that the stretch matrix of the polar decomposition has to be symmetric. This is an internal constraint, which introduces a reaction stress in the Piola–Kirchhoff–Boussinesq stress. We prove that there exists a motion that satisfies the complete equations of Mechanics in a convenient variational framework. This motion is local-in-time for it may be interrupted by a crushing, which entails a discontinuity of velocity with respect to time, i.e., an internal collision.     

On the Cahn–Hilliard equation with dynamic boundary conditions and a dominating boundary potential

The Cahn–Hilliard and viscous Cahn–Hilliard equations with singular and possibly nonsmooth potentials and dynamic boundary condition are considered and some well-posedness and regularity results are proved.     

New ion-wave path in the energy cascade

We present the results of kinetic numerical simulations that demonstrate the existence of a novel branch of electrostatic nonlinear waves driven by particle trapping processes. These waves have an acoustic-type dispersion with phase speed comparable to the ion thermal speed and would thus be heavily Landau damped in the linear regime. At variance with the ion-acoustic waves, this novel electrostatic branch can exist at a small but finite amplitude even for low values of the electron to ion temperature ratio. Our results provide a new interpretation of observations in space plasmas, where a significant level of electrostatic activity is observed in the high frequency region of the solar-wind turbulent spectra.     

Breath Analysis: Comparison among Methodological Approaches for Breath Sampling

Despite promising results obtained in the early diagnosis of several pathologies, breath analysis still remains an unused technique in clinical practice due to the lack of breath sampling standardized procedures able to guarantee a good repeatability and comparability of results. The most diffuse on an international scale breath sampling method uses polymeric bags, but, recently, devices named Mistral and ReCIVA, able to directly concentrate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto sorbent tubes, have been developed and launched on the market. In order to explore performances of these new automatic devices with respect to sampling in the polymeric bag and to study the differences in VOCs profile when whole or alveolar breath is collected and when pulmonary wash out with clean air is done, a tailored experimental design was developed. Three different breath sampling approaches were compared: (a) whole breath sampling by means of Tedlar bags, (b) the end-tidal breath collection using the Mistral sampler, and (c) the simultaneous collection of the whole and alveolar breath by using the ReCIVA. The obtained results showed that alveolar fraction of breath was relatively less affected by ambient air (AA) contaminants (p-values equal to 0.04 for Mistral and 0.002 for ReCIVA Low) with respect to whole breath (p-values equal to 0.97 for ReCIVA Whole). Compared to Tedlar bags, coherent results were obtained by using Mistral while lower VOCs levels were detected for samples (both breath and AA) collected by ReCIVA, likely due to uncorrected and fluctuating flow rates applied by this device. Finally, the analysis of all data also including data obtained by explorative analysis of the unique lung cancer (LC) breath sample showed that a clean air supply might determine a further confounding factor in breath analysis considering that lung wash-out is species-dependent.     

Crossed bisadducts in the reaction of pyridine with two different nitrile oxides

Bisadducts of some aromatic nitrile oxides to pyridine are described. Crossed adducts are formed by exposure of pyridine to a couple of different nitrile oxides.     

Assembled systems [X-azolopyridine][quinoline]. Bases and salts

A series of bases containing X-azolopyridines (X = O, NH) and methylquinolines, assembled in different ways, was prepared by reaction of methylquinolinecarboxylic acids (or carboxamides) with diamino (or hydroxyamino) pyridines. The bases were quaternized with methyl iodide. The physical and spectroscopic data of both the bases and the salts were correlated and compared with those of [X-azolopyridine][pyridine] systems previously studied. The structure of the salts was markedly influenced by a balance of basicity-hindrance factors in the heteroaromatic substrates.     

Convergence of phase field to phase relaxation models with memory

The qualitative properties of solutions to linear elliptic systems of any order, in an exterior domain of a space of arbitrary dimension, are analyzed to the aim of giving the weakest conditions at infinity ensuring the uniqueness of solutions to Dirichlet and Neumann problems.     

Some acylations of 3-phenyl and 3-mesityl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles

A study on the acetylation and benzoylation of title compounds by quenching the corresponding 4-carbanions with acyl chlorides or esters is reported. The obtained ketones are formed as minor regioisomeric adducts in the cycloadditions of benzo and mesitonitrile oxide to methyl and phenyl vinyl ketone. The quenching with methyl chloroformate was also examined as a possible convenient route to 4-methoxycarbonyl-3-aryl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles.     

Magnetic and mechanical AC loss of the ITER CS1 model coil conductor under transverse cyclic loading

The magnetic field in a coil results in a transverse force on the strands pushing the cable towards one side of the jacket. A special cryogenic press has been built to study in a unique way the mechanical and electrical properties of full-size ITER Cable-in-Conduit (CIC) samples under a transverse, mechanical load. The press can transmit a variable (cyclic) force of at least 650 kN/m to a cable section of 400 mm at 4.2 K. The jacket around the cable is partly opened in order to transmit the transverse force directly onto the cable. A superconducting dipole coil provides the AC magnetic field required to perform magnetisation measurements with pick-up coils. In addition the interstrand resistance (R_c) between various strands selected from topologically different positions inside the cable is measured. The force on the cable as well as the displacement are monitored simultaneously in order to determine the effective cable Young's modulus and the mechanical heat generation due to friction and deformation as the force is cycled. The mechanical heat generation, the coupling loss time constant nτ and R_c of a full-size ITER conductor have been studied under load for the first time. An important result is the significant decrease of nτ, after cyclic loading. It is also observed that the mechanical heat generation decreases with cycling.     

Exafs structural parameters for some titanium halides

α-TiCl₃ and TiCl₂ were subject to an X-ray absorption spectroscopic study at the K threshold of titanium. Data analysis was performed by Fourier methods and curve fitting techniques. Using the theoretical phases and coordination numbers Ti-Cl distances of 2.46(1) and 2.42(1) Å are derived for α-TiCl₃ and TiCl₂, respectively, as compared to the crystallographic values of 2.46(1) and 2.50(?) Å. The observed discrepancy in case of TiCl₂ is discussed. The EXAFS results are confirmed by Rabe's evaluation procedure for the absorber-backscatterer interatomic distance (R, Å) as a function of the photoelectron wave vector k (Å^?1).