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91.
Nonlinear Dynamics - In general, the mechanisms that maintain the activity of neural systems after a triggering stimulus has been removed are not well understood. Different mechanisms involving at... 相似文献
92.
VinayKumar Dachuri Phil Hyun Song Young Woo Kim Sae-Kwang Ku Chang-Hyun Song 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(23)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease caused by sudden renal dysfunction, which is an important risk factor for chronic renal failure. However, there is no effective treatment for renal impairment. Although some traditional polyherbs are commercially available for renal diseases, their effectiveness has not been reported. Therefore, we examined the nephroprotective effects of polyherbs and their relevant mechanisms in a cisplatin-induced cell injury model. Rat NRK-52E and human HK-2 subjected to cisplatin-induced AKI were treated with four polyherbs, Injinhotang (IJ), Ucha-Shinki-Hwan (US), Yukmijihwang-tang (YJ), and UrofenTM (Uro) similar with Yondansagan-tang, for three days. All polyherbs showed strong free radical scavenging activities, and the treatments prevented cisplatin-induced cell death in both models, especially at 1.2 mg/mL. The protective effects involved antioxidant effects by reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The polyherbs also reduced the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells and the expression of cleaved caspase-3, along with inhibited expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase-related proteins. These findings provide evidence for promoting the development of herbal formulas as an alternative therapy for treating AKI. 相似文献
93.
Convex dynamical systems are iterated set-valued maps with convex graphs. The closed union of all finite powers of a given convex relation will be called its limit closure. We address the question of transitivity of limit closures and establish a sufficient condition for such transitivity (limit transitivity). We also present examples showing that the limit closure of a general compact convex system is not necessarily transitive. limit closure can be intransitive as well. It is also shown that the restriction of a linear single-valued map to a convex set containing an open neighborhood of the origin is always limit transitive. 相似文献
94.
Phil Watson 《Mathematical Logic Quarterly》1997,43(4):559-568
We consider the strongest (most restricted) forms of enumeration reducibility, those that occur between 1- and npm-reducibility inclusive. By defining two new reducibilities (which we call n1- and ni-reducibility) which are counterparts to 1- and i-reducibility, respectively, in the same way that nm- and npm-reducibility are counterparts to m- and pm-reducibility, respectively, we bring out the structure (under the natural relation on reducibilities strong with respect to') of the strong reducibilities. By further restricting n1- and nm-reducibility we are able to define infinite families of reducibilities which isomorphically embed the r. e. Turing degrees. Thus the many well-known results in the theory of the r. e. Turing degrees have counterparts in the theory of strong reducibilities. We are also able to positively answer the question of whether there exist distinct reducibilities ≤y and ≤a between ≤e and ≤m such that there exists a non-trivial ≤y-contiguous ≤z degree. 相似文献
95.
96.
Phil Stansfield Graham Wigley Tim Justham Julian Catto Graham Pitcher 《Experiments in fluids》2007,43(1):135-146
In-cylinder PIV measurements have been performed in a four-valve single cylinder optical gasoline direct injection engine,
motored at speeds of 750, 2,000 and 3,500 rpm. Mean vector flow fields have been produced during the latter half of the intake
stroke in the symmetry plane between the valve pairs. The flow fields show the development of the in-cylinder flow structures
at 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2° crank angle steps for a time period of approximately 5 ms at each of the three engine speeds, respectively.
Tumble ratios have been calculated for the available field of view showing a change in the flow structure between 2,000 and
3,500 rpm. This is believed to be caused by an increase in the flow of air traveling underneath the recirculation vortex at
the higher engine speed. This translates the vortex position upwards and further to the right when compared to the lower engine
speeds. 相似文献
97.
98.
Dr. Zhipeng Zhang Dr. Maxim Ratnikov Dr. Glen Spraggon Dr. Phil B. Alper 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(4):904-908
The photoinduced rearrangement pathways of simple 2,5‐dienones and the natural product santonin were found to be effectively rerouted by amines, giving rise to unprecedented products. Either cis olefins or cyclobutenes were obtained from 4,4‐disubstituted 2,5‐dienone upon irradiation (365 nm) in the presence of various amines depending on the solvent. Previously undescribed [4.4.0] and [5.3.0] fused‐ring‐containing products were obtained when santonin was irradiated (365 nm) in the presence of methylamine. The amines present in these reactions were incorporated into the products by means of amide‐group formation. 相似文献
99.
Phil Hanlon 《Journal of Algebra》1997,190(2):435
LetPbe a rooted tree with rootrand vertex set {1, 2,…,n}. ConsiderPto be a poset by sayingu ≤ vifuis on the path fromrtov. LetZ[P] be the span of all matriceszuvsuch thatu <P v, wherezuvis then × nmatrix with a 1 in theu, ventry and 0's elsewhere. Note thatZ[P] is a nilpotent Lie subalgebra of ?n(). I. Hozo (Electron. J. Combin., to appear) studied the Laplacian of the Koszul complex for computing the Lie algebra homology ofZ[P]. He showed that the tree structure ofPforces significant simplifications in the Laplacian. He went on to conjecture that the eigenvalues of the Laplacian are indexed by certain labellings ofPby partitions. He gave a simple method for determining the eigenvalue indexed by a labelling. In this paper we prove Hozo's conjecture. As a consequence, we deduce that all eigenvalues of the Laplacian are integers. 相似文献
100.
Phil Hanlon 《Inventiones Mathematicae》1986,86(1):131-159
Summary LetA+(k) denote the ring [t]/t
k+1
and letG be a reductive complex Lie algebra with exponentsm
1, ...,m n. This paper concerns the Lie algebra cohomology ofGA
+(k) considered as a bigraded algebra (here one of the gradings is homological degree and the other, which we callweight, is inherited from the obvious grading ofGA
+(k)). We conjecture that this Lie algebra cohomology is an exterior algebra withk+1 generators of homological degree 2m
s
+1 fors=1,2, ...,n. Of thesek+1 generators of degree 2m
s
+1, one has weight 0 and the others have weights (k+1)m
s
+t fort=1,2, ...,k.It is shown that this conjecture about the Lie algebra cohomology of A
+(k) implies the Macdonald root system conjectures. Next we consider the case thatG is a classical Lie algebra with root systemA
n
,B
n
,C
n
, orD
n. It is shown that our conjecture holds in the limit onn asn approaches infinity which amounts to the computation of the cyclic and dihedral cohomologies ofA+(k). Lastly we discuss the relevance of this limiting case to the case of finiten in this situation.Partially supported by NSF grant number MCS-8401718 and a Bantrell Fellowship 相似文献