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941.
942.
Nguyen Thanh Qui 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2014,161(2):398-429
This paper investigates generalized differentiation of normal cone operators to parametric smooth-boundary sets in Asplund spaces. We obtain formulas for computing the Fréchet and Mordukhovich coderivatives of such normal cone operators. We also give several examples to illustrate how the formulas can be used in practical calculations and applications. 相似文献
943.
A fast separation of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and ammonium was carried out by capillary electrochromatography on monolithic octadecylsilica columns of 15 cm length and 100 μm inner diameter using water/methanol mixtures containing acetic acid as mobile phase. On-column contactless conductivity detection was used for quantification of these non-UV-absorbing species. The method was also extended successfully to the determination of small amines as well as of amino acids, and the separation selectivity was optimized by varying the composition of the mobile phase. Detection limits of about 1 μM were possible for the inorganic cations as well as for the small amines, while the amino acids could be quantified down to about 10 μM. The separation of 12 amino acids was achieved in the relatively short time of 10 min. 相似文献
944.
Thai Thanh Thu Bui Slimane Dahaoui Dr. Claude Lecomte Prof. Gautam R. Desiraju Prof. Enrique Espinosa Prof. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2009,48(21):3838-3841
Slightly attractive : The attractive and anisotropic nature of the Cl???Cl interaction in C6Cl6 is experimentally demonstrated from an expansion of the electron density ρ( r ) around the chlorine nuclei. The interaction is explained in a model in which there is a bonding attraction involving electron‐deficient (see picture, blue) and electron‐rich (red) regions of adjacent Cl atoms.
945.
Hoa T.M. Pham T. Kulrattanarak R.G.M. van der Sman C.G.P.H. Schroen R.M. Boom P.M. Sarro 《Procedia Chemistry》2009,1(1):345-348
This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of deterministic ratchets which are used for fractionation purpose. Ratchets with different configuration are prepared to determine particle trajectories with different sizes. Silicon based MEMS technology is used to fabricate devices containing arrays of obstacles with varying size, spacing and number. The arrays of high aspect ratio, 7-20μm wide, silicon pillars are defined and etched in 60 to 80μm deep microchannels using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). The working modes of the ratchets are demonstrated using colloidal suspensions of latex particles which have an average diameter ranging between 2 and 6μm. 相似文献
946.
Sang-Eun Kim Tran Thi Thanh Thuy Ji-Hyun Lee Jai Youl Ro Young-An Bae Yoon Kong Jee-Yin Ahn Dong-Soon Lee Yeon-Mock Oh Sang-Do Lee Yun-Song Lee 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2009,41(4):277-287
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may play an important role in emphysematous change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. We previously reported that simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, attenuates emphysematous change and MMP-9 induction in the lungs of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. However, it remained uncertain how cigarette smoke induced MMP-9 and how simvastatin inhibited cigarette smoke-induced MMP-9 expression in alveolar macrophages (AMs), a major source of MMP-9 in the lungs of COPD patients. Presently, we examined the related signaling for MMP-9 induction and the inhibitory mechanism of simvastatin on MMP-9 induction in AMs exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In isolated rat AMs, CSE induced MMP-9 expression and phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. A chemical inhibitor of MEK1/2 or PI3K reduced phosphorylation of ERK or Akt, respectively, and also inhibited CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction. Simvastatin reduced CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction, and simvastatin-mediated inhibition was reversed by farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Similar to simvastatin, inhibition of FPP transferase or GGPP transferase suppressed CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction. Simvastatin attenuated CSE-mediated activation of RAS and phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, p65, IκB, and nuclear AP-1 or NF-κB activity. Taken together, these results suggest that simvastatin may inhibit CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction, primarily by blocking prenylation of RAS in the signaling pathways, in which Raf-MEK-ERK, PI3K/Akt, AP-1, and IκB-NF-κB are involved. 相似文献
947.
M. K. Pham M. Betti P. P. Povinec V. Alfimov D. Biddulph J. Gastaud W. E. Kieser J. M. López Gutiérrez G. Possnert J. A. Sanchez-Cabeza T. Suzuki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(1):121-127
A certified reference material designed for the determination of 129I in seawater, IAEA-418 (Mediterranean Sea water) is described and the results of certification are presented. The median of 129I concentration with 95% confidence interval was chosen as the most reliable estimates of the true value. The median, given as the certified value, is 2.28 × 108 atom L?1 (95% confidence interval is (2.16–2.73) 108 atom L?1), or 3.19 × 10?7 Bq L?1 (95% confidence interval is (3.02–3.82) × 10?7 Bq L?1). The material is intended to be used for standardization procedures applied in accelerator mass spectrometric laboratories. It is available in 1 L units and may be ordered via IAEA web side (www.iaea.org). 相似文献
948.
Seung Hyun Hong Tran Thanh Tung Le Kim Huyen Trang Tae Young Kim Kwang S. Suh 《Colloid and polymer science》2010,288(9):1013-1018
This paper reports a new and practical route for synthesizing nanotube-polymeric ionic liquids gel by non-covalent functionalization
of oxidized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) surfaces with imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquids) (PILs), using in situ
radical polymerization method. A black and homogeneous precipitate SWNTs was obtained as a gel form, which is well dispersed
in aqueous solution without any aggregation. The formation of SWNT gels is explained by the electrostatic attractions or π-bonds
between the SWNT surface and the PIL matrix. By anion-exchange reaction of PIL bound to SWNTs, hydrophilic anions in PIL were
substituted with hydrophobic anions, resulting in an effective transfer of SWNT-PIL hydrogels to organogels. The result also
showed that SWNTs can effectively improve the conductivity along with the thermal stability of nanocomposite gels. 相似文献
949.
Nagle PS Quinn SJ Kelly JM O'Donovan DH Khan AR Rodriguez F Nguyen B Wilson WD Rozas I 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2010,8(24):5558-5567
Biophysical studies have been carried out on a family of asymmetric guanidinium-based diaromatic derivatives to assess their potential as DNA minor groove binding agents. To experimentally assess the binding of these compounds to DNA, solution phase biophysical studies have been performed. Thus, surface plasmon resonance, UV-visible spectroscopy and circular and linear dichroism have been utilized to evaluate binding constants, stoichiometry and mode of binding. In addition, the thermodynamics of the binding process have been determined by using isothermal titration calorimetry. These results show significant DNA binding affinity that correlates with the expected 1?:?1 binding ratio usually observed for minor groove binders. Moreover, a simple computational approach has been devised to assess the potential as DNA binders of this family of compounds. 相似文献
950.