Deposition of inertial particles from turbulent flow in channels at high Reynolds numbers

On the basis of the previously developed asymptotic theory of turbulent particle-laden flow with particle deposition in channels coupled with the transport model for the particle Reynolds stress, an asymptotic solution to the problem on the deposition of particles in the limit of high Reynolds numbers was obtained. The numerical calculations confirmed the presence, in the region of the transition from the diffusion-impaction regime of particle sedimentation to the inertia-moderated regime, bifurcation phenomenon of a solution found previously in earlier studies. Features of particle accumulation in the viscous sublayer are analyzed. On the basis of the numerical solution, correlations for particle deposition velocity were obtained. Boundary conditions of the wall-function type for particle concentration whose use allows widening the applicability limits of the equilibrium Eulerian models in terms of particle inertia are proposed.     

Ocneanu cell calculus and integrable lattice models

We show that cell calculus (first introduced by Ocneanu in the context of relative position of factors) is a technique which permits us to connect different integrable models. It generalizes the Vertex-IRF correspondence.     

Deuterium-deuterium fusion dynamics in low-density molecular-cluster jets irradiated by intense ultrafast laser pulses

Following the interaction of superintense, short pulse lasers and plasmas, ions can be accelerated to velocities sufficient to drive nuclear fusion reactions, in particular, by the process of Coulomb explosion of clusters [T. Ditmire, Nature (London) 398, 491 (1999)]]. We show here how short bursts of neutrons can be produced using a jet of low-density deuterated methane clusters. Ion velocity distributions were simultaneously measured by a Thomson parabola mass spectrometer, demonstrating deuteron energies up to 120 keV. We show that, in such conditions, nuclear fusion will occur not only in the hot plasma core, but also in the cold outer region by collision processes.     

The van der Waals energy of an atom near a carbon nanotube

Using a unified macroscopic QED formalism, an integral equation for the van der Waals energy of a two-level atomic system near a carbon nanotube is derived. The equation is valid for both strong and weak atom-vacuum field coupling. By solving it numerically, the inapplicability of weak coupling-based van der Waals interaction models in the close vicinity of the nanotube surface is demonstrated. It is also shown that encapsulation of doped atoms into the nanotube is energetically more favorable than their outside adsorption by the nanotube surface.     

Sequence of the phase transitions in a two-dimensional ferromagnet with competing one-ion and exchange anisotropies

The phase states of a two-dimensional ferromagnet system with anisotropic exchange interaction have been investigated for various relations between the material constants. It is shown that the competition between the exchange and the one-ion anisotropies, and the account of the magnetodipolar and the magnetoelastic interactions lead to the sequence of the phase transitions. The explicit solutions of the dispersion equation have been found in the homogeneous phase states.     

Study of inorganic ammonium compounds in individual marine aerosol particles by laser microprobe mass spectrometry

Ammonia is important in the atmosphere because it neutralizes acidic species. The relative importance of different inorganic ammonium compounds (chloride, nitrate and sulfate) in marine air chemistry was studied by single-particle characterization with the laser microprobe mass analyser. Standard aerosols were generated as a reference for compound identification, based on the fingerprint spectra obtained, and calculation of the relative sensitivity achieved for different ions in a marine aerosol matrix. The relative sensitivity for ammonium was low. Aerosol samples were collected in the Southern Bight of the North Sea under different meteorological conditions and examined for their ammonium compounds. Samples collected during an inversion period with continental influences showed a much higher content in all particles than samples collected under different meteorological conditions, where ammonium was mostly detected in the submicrometer particle-size range.     

The interpretation of multielemental INAA data using pattern recognition methods

Three hundred ancient Turkish potsherds were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis, and the resulting data analyzed by several techniques of multivariate statistical analysis, some only recently developed. The programs AGCLUS, MASLOC, and SIMCA were sequentially employed to characterize and group the samples by type of pottery and by site of excavation or collection. Comparison of the statistical analyses by each method provided archaeological insight into the site/type relationships of the samples and ultimately evidence relevant to commercial relations between the ancient communities and to specialization of pottery production over time. The techniques used for statistical analysis were found to be of significant potential utility in the future analysis of other archaeometric data sets.