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31.
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Haas P Hempstead M Jensen T Kagan H Kass R Behrends S Gentile T Guida JM Guida JA Morrow F Poling R Rosenfeld C Thorndike EH Tipton P Besson D Green J Namjoshi R Sannes F Skubic P Stone R Bortoletto D Chen A Goldberg M Horwitz N Jawahery A Lubrano P Moneti GC Trahern CG van Hecke H Csorna SE Garren L Mestayer MD Panvini RS Word GB Yi X Alam MS Bean A Ferguson T Avery P Bebek C Berkelman K Blucher E Cassel DG Copie T DeSalvo R DeWire JW Ehrlich R Galik RS Gilchriese MG Gittelman B Gray SW 《Physical review letters》1985,55(12):1248-1251
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Carter DL Draper MC Peterson RN Shah DO 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(22):10106-10111
At the end of the final spin cycle of the laundry process, the residual moisture content (RMC) of fabric is directly related to the dynamic surface tension of the residual water in the fabric. The LaPlace equation for capillary rise predicts that the capillary rise of solutions in a capillary is proportional to the surface tension at the air-liquid interface. If fabric can be considered to be a large ensemble of capillaries due to interfiber spacing, then the RMC of fabrics will be directly related to the surface tension of residual solution in the fabric. The use of a tailored rinse additive has the potential to decrease the surface tension of solution significantly, thus leading to a decrease in the residual water content of the fabric. It is expected that as the surfactant concentration increases the surface tension decreases. Hence, the RMC of fabrics must decrease with increasing surfactant concentration. However, a peak is observed in the RMC of fabrics before the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is reached. Prior to the CMC, it is proposed that a sudden adsorption of surfactant is occurring on the fabric surface leading to a decrease in bulk monomer concentration. The decrease in free monomer concentration should result in an increase in the equilibrium surface tension of the residual solution leading to a concomitant increase in RMC. Because the dynamic surface tension is measured on a short time scale (on the order of milliseconds), there will be less adsorption of monomer onto the newly created air-liquid interface of the bubbles during the measurement process. This decrease in adsorption should lead to a pronounced increase in the dynamic surface tension. This indeed was observed. The RMC correlates very well with the dynamic surface tension of the residual solution. 相似文献
36.
Paul E. Peterson 《Tetrahedron letters》1981,22(14):1295-1298
Electronegativities may be used to rationalize the observation that the equilibrium, CH3(CH2)3I + (CH3)3SiCH2Cl ? CH3(CH2)3Cl + (CH3)3SiCH2I, lies to the right. 相似文献
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Crystal engineering of novel cocrystals of a triazole drug with 1,4-dicarboxylic acids 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Remenar JF Morissette SL Peterson ML Moulton B MacPhee JM Guzmán HR Almarsson O 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(28):8456-8457
Cocrystals of the poorly soluble antifungal drug cis-itraconazole (1) with 1,4-dicarboxylic acids have been prepared. The crystal structure of the succinic acid cocrystal with 1 was determined to be a trimer by single-crystal X-ray. The trimer is comprised of two molecules of 1 oriented in antiparallel fashion to form a pocket with a triazole at either end. The extended succinic acid molecule fills the pocket, bridging the triazole groups through hydrogen-bonding interactions rather than interacting with the more basic piperazine nitrogens. The solubility and dissolution rate of some of the cocrystals are approximately the same as those of the amorphous drug in the commercial formulation and are much higher than those for the crystalline free base. The results suggest that cocrystals of drug molecules have the possibility of achieving the higher oral bioavailability common for amorphous forms of water-insoluble drugs while maintaining the long-term chemical and physical stability that crystal forms provide. 相似文献
38.
Robert H. Higgins Quentin L. Eaton Leroy Worth Myra V. Peterson 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1987,24(1):255-259
Cyclization of either the tetrahydropyranyl or trimethylsilyl ether of 1-(alkylamino)-3-chloro-2-propanols 1 followed by cleavage of the azetidinyl ether provides a general method for the preparation of 1-alkyl-3-azetidinols. Unhindered amines provide a more facile preparation of derivatives of 1 , or its ethers, than do hindered amines, while hindered derivatives of 1 undergo more facile ring closure. 相似文献
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Four novel siloxane polymeric pseudostationary phases with three different ionic head groups have been synthesized and characterized for electrokinetic chromatography. Siloxane polymers are of interest in this application because of the wide range of chemistries that can be developed based on these backbones, including much of the chromatographic stationary phase chemistry developed in the last thirty years. All four of the siloxanes studied were synthesized by modification of a single methylhydrosiloxane polymer with highly acidic anionic functionalities. One of the siloxanes had both ionic groups and alkane chains attached to the siloxane backbone. The electrophoretic mobilities varied from being somewhat less than sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to being much greater than SDS. The siloxanes substituted with ionic groups at all of the silicon sites showed significant nonequilibrium band broadening, severely limiting the efficiencies of these polymers. Substitution of 20% of the silicon sites with an alkyl group improved the efficiency of the separations and the peak symmetry. The chemical selectivities of the siloxane polymers are very different from SDS, but are similar to each other. 相似文献
40.
Erin J. Peterson Wei Qi Ian N. Stanton Peng Zhang Michael J. Therien 《Chemical science》2020,11(31):8095
High quantum yield NIR fluorophores are rare. Factors that drive low emission quantum yields at long wavelength include the facts that radiative rate constants increase proportional to the cube of the emission energy, while nonradiative rate constants increase in an approximately exponentially with decreasing S0–S1 energy gaps (in accordance with the energy gap law). This work demonstrates how the proquinoidal BTD building blocks can be utilized to minimize the extent of excited-state structural relaxation relative to the ground-state conformation in highly conjugated porphyrin oligomers, and shows that 4-ethynylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (E-BTD) units that terminate meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc (PZnn) arrays, and 4,7-diethynylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (E-BTD-E) spacers that are integrated into the backbone of these compositions, elucidate new classes of impressive NIR fluorophores. We report the syntheses, electronic structural properties, and emissive characteristics of neoteric PZn-(BTD-PZn)n, PZn2-(BTD-PZn2)n, and BTD-PZnn-BTD fluorophores. Absolute fluorescence quantum yield (ϕf) measurements, acquired using a calibrated integrating-sphere-based measurement system, demonstrate that these supermolecules display extraordinary ϕf values that range from 10–25% in THF solvent, and between 28–36% in toluene solvent over the 700–900 nm window of the NIR. These studies underscore how the regulation of proquinoidal conjugation motifs can be exploited to drive excited-state dynamical properties important for high quantum yield long-wavelength fluorescence emission.Incorporation of proquinoidal BTD building blocks into conjugated porphyrin oligomers minimizes the extent of excited-state structural relaxation relative to the ground-state conformation, elucidating new classes of impressive NIR fluorophores. 相似文献