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81.
Enzer DG Schauer MM Gomez JJ Gulley MS Holzscheiter MH Kwiat PG Lamoreaux SK Peterson CG Sandberg VD Tupa D White AG Hughes RJ James DF 《Physical review letters》2000,85(12):2466-2469
We report an experimental confirmation of the power-law relationship between the critical anisotropy parameter and ion number for the linear-to-zigzag phase transition in an ionic crystal. Our experiment uses laser cooled calcium ions confined in a linear radio-frequency trap. Measurements for up to ten ions are in good agreement with theoretical and numeric predictions. Implications on an upper limit to the size of data registers in ion trap quantum computers are discussed. 相似文献
82.
Using polarization-entangled photons from spontaneous parametric down-conversion, we have implemented Ekert's quantum cryptography protocol. The near-perfect correlations of the photons allow the sharing of a secret key between two parties. The presence of an eavesdropper is continually checked by measuring Bell's inequalities. We investigated several possible eavesdropper strategies, including pseudo-quantum-nondemolition measurements. In all cases, the eavesdropper's presence was readily apparent. We discuss a procedure to increase her detectability. 相似文献
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84.
G.A. Cooper J.P. Graves W.A. Cooper R. Gruber R.S. Peterson 《Journal of computational physics》2009,228(13):4911-4916
An incompressible variational ideal ballooning mode equation is discretized with the COOL finite element discretization scheme using basis functions composed of variable order Legendre polynomials. This reduces the second order ordinary differential equation to a special block pentadiagonal matrix equation that is solved using an inverse vector iteration method. A benchmark test of BECOOL (Ballooning Eigensolver using COOL finite elements) with second order Legendre polynomials recovers precisely the eigenvalues computed by the VVBAL shooting code. Timing runs reveal the need to determine an optimal lower order case. Eigenvalue convergence runs show that cubic Legendre polynomials construct the optimal ballooning mode equation for intensive computations. 相似文献
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This work demonstrated for the first time that myoglobin cross‐linked in polylysine films is electrochemically active at 6 °C. At 6 °C, these protein films exhibited reversible reduction/oxidation peaks which are characteristic of FeIII/FeII redox couple. The estimated current function densities (J=1.6×10?4 C/V cm2), surface concentrations (ΓT=0.10 nmol/cm2) and standard electron transfer constant (ks=13.86 s?1) at 6 °C for the data taken at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s were similar to those which were obtained at 10, 15 and 23 °C. Basically, this study shows a possible electrocatalytic application of these myoglobin/polylysine films, for example in low temperature sensing applications. 相似文献
88.
Gordon J. Thorogood Brendan J. Kennedy Vanessa K. Peterson Vittorio Luca 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2011,72(6):692-700
The structure of the defect pyrochlore NaW2O6+δ·nH2−zO after ion exchange with K, Rb, Sr or Cs for Na has been investigated using thermal analysis, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, laboratory X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. Neutron diffraction studies show that both the A-type cations (Na+, K+, Rb+, and/or Cs+) and the water molecules reside within the channels that form in the 111 direction of the W2O6 framework and that these strongly interact. The analytical results suggest that the water and A-type cations compete for space in the tunnels within the W2O6 pyrochlore framework, with the total number of water molecules and cations being approximately constant in the six samples investigated. The interplay between the cations and water explains the non-linear dependence of the a lattice parameter on the choice of cation. It appears that the ion-exchange capacity of the material will be controlled by the amount of water initially present in the sample. 相似文献
89.
William J. Durand Andrew A. Peterson Felix Studt Frank Abild-Pedersen Jens K. Nørskov 《Surface science》2011,605(15-16):1354-1359
Polycrystalline copper electrocatalysts have been experimentally shown to be capable of reducing CO2 into CH4 and C2H4 with relatively high selectivity, and a mechanism has recently been proposed for this reduction on the fcc(211) surface of copper, which was assumed to be the most active facet. In the current work, we use computational methods to explore the effects of the nanostructure of the copper surface and compare the effects of the fcc(111), fcc(100) and fcc(211) facets of copper on the energetics of the electroreduction of CO2. The calculations performed in this study generally show that the intermediates in CO2 reduction are most stabilized by the (211) facet, followed by the (100) facet, with the (111) surface binding the adsorbates most weakly. This leads to the prediction that the (211) facet is the most active surface among the three in producing CH4 from CO2, as well as the by-products H2 and CO. HCOOH production may be mildly enhanced on the more close-packed surfaces ((111) and (100)) as compared to the (211) facet, due to a change in mechanism from a carboxyl intermediate to a formate intermediate. The results are compared to published experimental data on these same surfaces; the predicted trends in voltage requirements are consistent between the experimental and computational data. 相似文献
90.