太赫兹波在雾中的多重散射特性

太赫兹(THz)波作为微波和毫米波的延伸,它所提供的通信带宽和容量远大于毫米波。在随机介质中传播时,不但会发生时域和空域的形变,介质中的粒子还会对入射波发生散射,这些都会使得脉冲信号发生衰减。根据Mie理论与随机离散分布粒子的波传播与散射理论,计算了THz波信号入射下雾滴粒子的消光系数。结合雾滴粒子谱分布,得到了雾媒质的平均体系散射特性,采用蒙特卡罗法得到了平流雾对THz信号的多重散射特性,计算了THz波段信号对平流雾的透过率与反射率,分析了THz波段信号的前向、后向散射特性随散射角的分布。结果表明,低能见度大气环境中,雾对THz波产生的吸收和衰减不容忽视。相关研究结果对THz在大气传输、通信等方面的应用具有重要意义。     

Spectral study on feldspar thermoluminescence process

Feldspar thermoluminescence fading phenomena were investigated here by using newly-constructed thermoluminescence spectrometer on the basis of charge-coupled detector, and thereafter the discussion and explanation on feldspar TL fading mechanism were presented. The experimental results show that the fading rate of feldspar TL depends on both wavelength and stimulated temperature, and normally the feldspar TL in every region of wavelength and temperature shows different traits, namely the low temperature TL (170°–190°) fading at the rate of logarithmic function and furthermore the TL of different wavelengths fading at approximately the same rate on the condition of 160° preheating. While the medium and high temperature TLs (290°–400°) do not show much thermal fading, their fading rate at room temperature invariably correlates well with their wavelength, namely the longer TL wavelength, the slower TL fading rate. The thermal instability of traps and the quantum-mechanical tunneling effects can explain the above fading phenomena respectively. It is recognized that feldspar TL fading depends on its wavelength, and furthermore new aspects of the solid thermoluminescence process can be displayed by the combination of three-dimensional TL spectral analysis and thermal fading or anomalous fading of TL for feldspar. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40534019) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. GIGCX3-07-10)     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> X-ray diffraction study of structural evaluation in Fe<Subscript>73</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>Nd<Subscript>3</Subscript>Si<Subscript>13.5</Subscript>B<Subscript>9</Subscript> amorphous alloy at high temperature

The thermodynamics structural relaxation of Fe₇₃Cu_1.5Nd₃Si_13.5B₉ amorphous alloy from room temperature to 400°C has been investigated by measuring the structure factor with in situ X-ray diffraction. The structural information of the atomic configuration such as radial distribution function (RDF) and neighbor atomic distance was gained by Fourier transformation. The research result shows that the amorphous structure remains stable in the temperature range of 30 to 400°C but exhibits distinct changes in local atomic configuration with the increase of temperature. The quantitative determination of the neighbor atomic distance suggests that the degree of short-range order changes by the temperature altering the second nearest neighbor local atomic configuration of the amorphous when structural relaxation occurs. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. A2007000296), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50731005), SKPBRC (Grant Nos. 2007CB616915 and 2006CB605201), and PCSIRT (Grant No. IRT0650)     

Formation and photoluminescence of Y2O3–H3BO3:Eu3+ powders by mechanical alloying

Y₂O₃–H₃BO₃:Eu³⁺ powders were synthesized by the mechanical alloying (MA) method, and their structural and photoluminescent characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and luminescence spectrophotometer. The crystallite size of the powder mixture milling for 30 minutes (min) by the Willaimson–Hall method was approximately 58.8 nm with strain of 0.00141; overall, the internal strain increased with the milling time (t_m). The morphology of the powder mixture with t_m, as observed by SEM, divided into three different stages: agglomeration (0 < t_m ≤ 30 min), disintegration (30min < t_m ≤ 120 min), and homogenization (120min < t_m ≤ 300 min). The transition temperature and the weight reduction rate of the sample powders were 645.58 °C and 2.851%, respectively. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of the powder mixture excited to 240 nm by a zenon discharge lamp (20 kW) was detected near 592 nm(⁵D_o → ⁷F₁), 613 nm, 628  (⁵D_o → ⁷F₂), and 650 nm (⁵D_o → ⁷F₃).     

Segmented circular LD arrays side-pumped a Nd:YAG laser rod

We design a Nd:YAG module with symmetrical LD side-pumped structure in a periodical arrangement between circular LD arrays and holders. This novel design has great potential to be used in compact and miniature laser systems. Design optimization and simulation on thermal effects have been performed. An experiment has also been carried out. The experiment results indicate the all-solid-state laser with the-Nd:YAG module can stably operate in the range of 10–30 Hz with no controlling temperature by TE cooler. The laser beam had a divergence angle less than 3.8 mrad and a maximum output pulse of 174 mJ has been obtained at the pump current of 50 A and working frequency of 23 Hz, corresponding to optical-optical conversion efficiency of 40.2%.     

基于高能量耗散型脉冲掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究

在正色散掺铒光纤激光器中,利用非线性偏振旋转技术实现自启动锁模,得到了具有极大光谱宽度的高能量、无波分裂耗散型脉冲.该耗散型脉冲的形成是腔内增益、损耗、非线性偏振旋转、正色散和其他非线性效应等共同作用的结果,其形成机理与传统的负色散激光器完全不同.当抽运功率为500mW时,该类型脉冲的光谱覆盖了1530—1660nm范围,半高全宽光谱宽度可达42nm以上.脉冲具有极大的正啁啾,其时间带宽积为483,而单脉冲总能量最大可达34.4nJ.     

针板型电晕稳定开关的电晕稳定性

设计了一款可用于触发和自触发的针板型电晕稳定开关,其中针电极直径为2 mm,主间隙距离为10 mm,触发间隙为5 mm。通过静电场的模拟得知其场强的不均匀系数大于7,并且通过大量实验数据得出:开关起晕电压和击穿电压分别为6.8 kV和19.3 kV,由此得知电晕稳定开关的电晕稳定因子为0.55,这说明开关具有较好的电晕稳定性。     

高温超导无绝缘线圈励磁电压特性研究

本文通过实验研究了焊锡浸渍、励磁电流PI控制、励磁速率以及励磁幅值对高温超导无绝缘线圈励磁电压特性的影响。实验结果表明:高温超导无绝缘线圈励磁电压具有时延特性,焊锡浸渍、励磁电流PI控制分别会增大和减小时延特性,而励磁速率和励磁幅值不会影响时延特性;励磁电压幅值随励磁速率增大而增大;焊锡浸渍可降低励磁电压幅值,而励磁电流控制对励磁电压幅值影响不明显。     

激光惯性约束聚变中光学汤姆逊散射研究进展

当前,激光惯性约束聚变在越来越接近点火的极端能量密度条件下,实验与模拟的偏离逐渐增大,一个关键原因是缺乏对黑腔等离子体状态及其影响黑腔能量学和内爆对称性的细致研究和判断。光学汤姆逊散射主动式、诊断精确、参数完备的优点,使之成为激光惯性约束聚变黑腔等离子体状态参数精密诊断的标准方法。中国面向激光惯性约束聚变研究的光学汤姆逊散射实验技术的发展与神光系列激光装置的建设和在其上开展的物理实验紧密相关。近年来,四倍频汤姆逊散射实验技术在神光III原型和100 kJ激光装置上相继建立,部分实验结果不仅加深了对激光惯性约束聚变靶物理的认识,还反映了实验条件对汤姆逊散射诊断的影响,促进了实验技术的精密化发展。在未来,还需要进一步发展多支路汤姆逊散射、五倍频汤姆逊散射和超热相干汤姆逊散射等新技术,面向点火黑腔条件,大幅提升激光等离子体状态参数的诊断精度,开展新物理机制的探索和研究,在激光惯性约束聚变和其他高能量密度物理科学领域发挥更重要的作用。     

General theory for the ferroelectric polarization induced by spin-spiral order

The ferroelectric polarization of triangular-lattice antiferromagnets induced by helical spin-spiral order is not explained by any existing model of magnetic-order-driven ferroelectricity. We resolve this problem by developing a general theory for the ferroelectric polarization induced by spin-spiral order and then by evaluating the coefficients needed to specify the general theory on the basis of density functional calculations. Our theory correctly describes the ferroelectricity of triangular-lattice antiferromagnets driven by helical spin-spiral order and incorporates known models of magnetic-order-driven ferroelectricity as special cases.