含系统模糊的闪光照相正向成像技术研究及应用

正向成像技术是正向计算与反演相结合的密度重建技术的基础。为了正确获取闪光照相面光源下复杂客体的正向计算数值图像,提出了面光源点源化的思想,并用窗口化的探测系统模糊、径迹法等技术得到了更加准确的、含系统模糊的正向投影矩阵以及方程。利用含系统模糊的正向投影方程计算实验客体的正向投影,获得了与实验结果一致的边界信息。含系统模糊的正向投影方程和逆问题求解的约束共轭梯度法合成了整体密度重建方法。整体密度重建方法应用于FTO客体的模拟图像和实验图像,都能够将模糊控制在1~2个像素。     

东南沿海地区相对湿度对气溶胶消光特性的影响

采用能见度仪和温度脉动仪在我国东南沿海典型地区进行能见度和相对湿度测量实验,利用能见度与消光系数和波长的关系,分析了在雾霾和晴好两种天气条件下相对湿度对沿海气溶胶系统消光系数的影响。研究结果表明:对于波长为1.06 m的激光,该地区两种天气下气溶胶粒子的潮解点均为80%左右;当相对湿度在80%~90%时,随着相对湿度增大,两种天气下消光系数相对干粒子时的增长率基本相同,吸湿增长因子主要介于1~2;当相对湿度大于90%时,二者相对增长差别很大,晴好天气下吸湿增长因子增大了两个量级,远大于雾霾天气。     

激光诱导铝基碳纳米管薄膜及场发射性能

结合电泳沉积和激光纳米焊接技术在常温下成功制备了铝基单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs-Al）薄膜。首先,将单壁碳纳米管电泳沉积到铝片基底上,再使用皮秒脉冲激光构建二者的可靠连接。对SWCNTs-Al薄膜进行场发射性能测试,开启电压从焊接前的5.1 V/m降低到2.1 V/m,发射电流密度显著提高且更加稳定。这主要是激光纳米焊接后界面接触阻抗减小,场致电子发射更容易实现的结果。基于SWCNTs-Al薄膜的表面形貌图和场发射性能测试结果,确定了最优的激光纳米焊接参数。     

Double-slit diffraction of terahertz wave generated by tilted-pulse-front pumping

We propose a spatial diffraction diagnostic method via inserting a millimeter-gap double slit into the collimated terahertz beam to monitor the minute variation of the terahertz beam in strong-field terahertz sources, which is difficult to be resolved in conventional terahertz imaging systems. To verify the method, we intentionally fabricate tiny variations of the terahertz beam through tuning the iris for the infrared pumping beam before the tilted-pulse-front pumping setups.The phenomena can be well explained by the theory based on the tilted-pulse-front technique and terahertz diffraction.     

液相微萃取/后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定氧化苦参碱和苦参碱

建立了液相微萃取/后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定中药苦参、复方苦参注射液中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱含量的方法。利用自制的微萃取装置,选择异丙醇为萃取有机溶剂,2.00 mL NaOH(pH9)为供相,HCl(pH4)为接受相,聚丙烯腈纤维的长度为10 cm,搅拌速度为1500 r/min,萃取时间为30 min。萃取完成后,经高效液相色谱仪分析,测得氧化苦参碱和苦参碱线性范围分别为11~437 mg/L和10~433 mg/L;检出限均为1.0mg/L;相对标准偏差分别小于9.4%和6.7%。复方苦参注射液中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱的平均回收率分别为83.0%~116.1%和108.8%~117.8%;苦参药材中氧化苦参碱的平均回收率为104.3%~114.7%。本方法有机溶剂用量少,可有效去除复杂机体的干扰,测得结果满意。     

液相微萃取-反萃取在磺胺药物残留测定中的应用

利用液相微萃取-反萃取技术,建立测定动物组织中磺胺药物残留量的新方法.将动物组织中磺胺药物经液相微萃取-反萃取后进行高效液相色谱紫外检测.磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺喹口恶啉4种磺胺类药物的线性范围均在0.05～10.0 μg/mL,磺胺甲口恶唑的线性范围在0.5～10.0 μg/mL之间,方法的平均回收率不低于80.2%,RSD＜6.8%,检出限为0.1 mg/kg.     

电场极性对池沸腾换热影响的实验研究

利用EHD技术对工质R123进行了非均匀高压电场下电场极性对池沸腾换热影响的实验研究.结果表明,无论加正、负电压,强化系数均随热流密度的增加而下降,最终达到稳定值;高热流密度下,正电压有较弱的强化效果,负电压对沸腾换热具有削弱作用;正电压下的强化换热效果优于负电压下的强化换热效果.     

均匀高压电场强化R123池沸腾传热实验研究

利用EHD技术进行了工质R123的池内平板沸腾强化传热实验研究.在该实验中,换热面为一平板并接地作为0电极,高压电极为平行于换热面的网状电极.实验结果表明,正电压的强化效果较好,电压越高,强化效果越好.低热流密度下,EHD对沸腾换热的强化效果比高热流密度的强化效果好.起沸点随着电压的增加而增加,同不加电压时相比,在20 kV时,起沸点提高了4倍.     

An unexpected all-metal aromatic tetranuclear silver cluster in human copper chaperone Atox1

Metal clusters, such as iron–sulfur clusters, play key roles in sustaining life and are intimately involved in the functions of metalloproteins. Herein we report the formation and crystal structure of a planar square tetranuclear silver cluster when silver ions were mixed with human copper chaperone Atox1. Quantum chemical studies reveal that two Ag 5s¹ electrons in the tetranuclear silver cluster fully occupy the one bonding molecular orbital, with the assumption that this Ag₄ cluster is Ag₄²⁺, leading to extensive electron delocalization over the planar square and significant stabilization. This bonding pattern of the tetranuclear silver cluster represents an aromatic all-metal structure that follows a 4n + 2 electron counting rule (n = 0). This is the first time an all-metal aromatic silver cluster was observed in a protein.

Metal clusters, such as iron–sulfur clusters, play key roles in sustaining life and are intimately involved in the functions of metalloproteins.     

Transition-metal-free synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazepines via [4+3]-cycloaddition of para-quinone methides with azaoxyallyl cations

A formal[4+3]-cycloaddition reaction of ortho-hydroxyphenyl-substituted para-quinone methides(p-QMs)with in-situ generated azaoxyallyl cations is reported.The reaction occurs under very mild reaction conditions(transition-metal free,room temperature,cheap inorganic base)and provides a very efficient route to a series of biologically important 1,4-benzoxazepine derivatives in good to excellent yields.