药学专业元素化学教学方法探究

元素化学是药学专业无机化学的重要组成部分,其内容繁多,规律性不强,传统教学方式枯燥乏味,影响了学生的学习兴趣。笔者针对这些问题,结合多年的教学经验,从优化教学内容和教学方法等方面对元素化学教学进行了探究。     

利用飞秒激光等离子体产生的超热电子进行衍射实验的可行性研究

利用高强度超短脉冲激光与铝靶相互作用可以产生高能超热电子,这些超热电子入射到铝单晶上时将发生衍射.对高强度超短脉冲激光产生的超热电子与晶体的相互作用产生衍射及利用这样的衍射进行晶体结构分析的可行性进行了探讨 关键词： 等离子体 超热电子 衍射 晶体     

SBN:Cr晶体的光折变四波混频相位共轭特性实验研究

从实验上研究了同成分SBN:Cr晶体在He-Ne激光照射下的四波混频相位共轭特性.首先测量了在不同泵浦光与信号光光强比m及不同光束夹角2θ的情况下,晶体的四波混频相位共轭反射率R随泵浦光强比p的变化关系.其次测量了泵浦光束与信号光束耦合方向对SBN:Cr晶体的四波混频相位共轭特性的影响,并就两种不同掺杂浓度的晶体样品进行了对比,所得实验结果与理论分析基本一致.最后,利用SBN:Cr晶体四波混频相位共轭特性进行了图象畸变消除实验.     

CuAPTPP-TDI-TiO2光催化微球的合成及其光催化性能 (cited: 1)

采用Adler法合成了5-(4-氨基苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉铜配合物(CuAPTPP),通过甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的桥联作用对TiO₂微球进行表面修饰,使TDI分子中的两个活性TDI基团分别与TiO₂表面的羟基和CuAPTPP的氨基反应,将CuAPTPP敏化剂分子以化学键合的方式固定在TiO₂表面,形成光催化微球CuAPTPP-TDI-TiO₂．通过FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EA、UV-Vis和DRS等测试手段对CuAPTPP-TDI-TiO₂进行结构表征．讨论了桥联分子TDI修饰量对光催化微球性能的影响,确定了TDI与TiO₂的最佳摩尔比．以亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解对象,考察了CuAPTPP-TDI-TiO₂微球的可见光催化性能．结果表明,桥联分子TDI在CuAPTPP与TiO₂微球表面形成了牢固的化学键,复合微球在150 W氙灯辐照下降解10 mg/LMB溶液,120 min降解率可达98.7%,其降解率过程服从一级动力学规律,测得降解速率常数为5.1×10^-2 min^-1,半衰期为11.3 min．催化微球在回收4次的条件下,对MB的降解率仍保持在90%以上．     

高电荷态离子207Pbq+(24≤q≤36)与Si(110)固体表面作用的电子发射研究

报道了利用兰州重离子加速器国家实验室ECR源引出的高电荷态离子²⁰⁷Pb^q+(24≤q≤36)入射到Si(110)表面产生的电子发射的实验测量结果.结果表明,高电荷态离子与固体表面相互作用产生的电子发射产额Y与入射离子的电荷态q、入射角度ψ和入射能量E都有很强的关联.首次发现,电子发射产额Y与入射角度ψ间有接近1/tanψ的关系.理论分析认为,这些过程与基于经典过垒模型的势能电子发射过程密切相关. 关键词： 高电荷态离子 经典过垒模型 电子发射产额     

基于金刚石氮-空位色心的精密磁测量

磁是一种重要的物理现象,对其进行精密测量推动了许多科技领域的发展.各类测磁技术,包括霍尔传感器、超导量子干涉仪、自旋磁共振等,都致力于提升空间分辨率和灵敏度.近年来,金刚石中的氮-空位色心广受关注.这一固态单自旋体系具有许多优点,例如易于初始化和读出、可操控、具有较长相干时间等,这使得它不仅在量子信息、量子计算等领域崭露头角,而且在量子精密测量上显现出巨大的应用前景.基于氮-空位色心,利用动力学解耦、关联谱等技术,已实现若干高灵敏度、高分辨率的微观磁共振实验,其中包括纳米尺度乃至单分子、单自旋的核磁共振和电子顺磁共振.氮-空位色心也可以用于微波和射频信号的精密测量.本文对围绕上述主题开展的一系列研究工作进行综述.     

Pb-Mg-Al合金腐蚀机理的电子理论研究

为了了解Pb-Mg-Al合金腐蚀的物理本质, 本文采用基于第一性原理的赝势平面波方法系统地计算了Pb-Mg-Al合金中各物相的结合能、费米能级和局域态密度等电子结构参数, 分析了合金的电化学腐蚀机理. 计算结果表明：Pb-Mg-Al合金中各主要组成物相稳定性大小关系为 Mg₁₇Al₁₂>Mg₂Pb>Mg;Mg,Mg₂Pb和Mg₁₇Al₁₂的费米能级存在E_f(Mg)>E_f(Mg₂Pb)>E_f(Mg₁₇Al₁₂)的关系, 说明Mg最容易失去电子, Mg₂Pb次之, Mg₁₇Al₁₂最难;局域态密度表明, 在同样的外界条件下, 体系中Mg相和Mg₂Pb相对于Mg₁₇Al₁₂均处于不稳定的状态, 容易失去电子, 即容易发生腐蚀. Pb-Mg-Al合金体系中不同物相的费米能级差构成了电化学腐蚀的电动势, 导致电子从费米能级高的Mg相和Mg₂Pb相流向费米能级低的Mg₁₇Al₁₂相, 使Pb-Mg-Al合金发生腐蚀.     

Vertically Grown Few-Layer MoS2 Nanosheets on Hierarchical Carbon Nanocages for Pseudocapacitive Lithium Storage with Ultrahigh-Rate Capability and Long-Term Recyclability

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is an intensively studied anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity, but it is still confronted by severe challenges of unsatisfactory rate capability and cycle life. Herein, few-layer MoS₂ nanosheets, vertically grown on hierarchical carbon nanocages (hCNC) by a facile hydrothermal method, introduce pseudocapacitive lithium storage owing to the highly exposed MoS₂ basal planes, enhanced conductivity, and facilitated electrolyte access arising from good hybridization with hCNC. Thus, the optimized MoS₂/hCNC exhibits reversible capacities of 1670 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 50 cycles, 621 mAh g⁻¹ at 5.0 A g⁻¹ after 500 cycles, and 196 mAh g⁻¹ at 50 A g⁻¹ after 2500 cycles, which are among the best for MoS₂-based anode materials. The specific power and specific energy, which can reach 16.1 kW and 252.8 Wh after 3000 cycles, respectively, indicate great potential in high-power and long-life LIBs. These findings suggest a promising strategy for exploring advanced anode materials with high reversible capacity, high-rate capability, and long-term recyclability.     

Multifunctional land‐use value mapping and space type classification: A case study of Puge County,China

Land exhibits diverse functions under the combined influence of natural and human forces. A production–living–ecology functional classification system was constructed by integrating land, ecosystem, and landscape functions. The land functional value was calculated by systematically integrating ecosystem service value assessments. The primary and secondary functions, as well as combinations of different land‐use types, were determined using vertical and horizontal comparison methods. The production–living–ecology ranges were then delineated in Puge County, which is a typical mountain county in China. The production–living–ecology functions identified were well connected with the current land‐use types. The “production–living–ecology” space in Puge County showed obvious multifunctionality and agglomeration. The function identification system proposed in this paper integrated multiple methods, overcame the difficulty of direct quantitative identification of land functions. The methods used to map and quantify land function will enhance our ability to understand and model land system changes and adequately inform policies and planning. Summary for Managers

• The function valuation method constructed in this paper could be used to reflect the multifunctionality and importance of land use and provide guidance and a quantitative basis for regional development planning.
• The spatial classification results provided in this paper could offer a valuable reference for the land management department to scientifically formulate land use planning.
• Under the goal of creating a group‐type urban development pattern and constructing an ecological protection pattern in Puge County, the hotspot analysis results of this paper can provide decision‐making tools and alternative spatial plans.

     

Catalyst-controlled diastereoselective ring-opening formal [3+2]-cycloadditions of arylvinyl oxirane 2,2-diesters with cyclic N-sulfonyl imines

A diastereoselectivity-controllable formal [3+2]-cycloaddition of arylvinyl oxirane 2,2-diesters with cyclic N-sulfonyl imines is developed, affording the corresponding tricyclic oxazolidine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities in the presence of palladium(0) or scandium(III) triflate. This protocol allows selective synthesis of diastereomers of tricyclic oxazolidine derivatives under switchable and mild conditions. Further transformations of the obtained products were conducted by removing ester groups and arylvinyl moieties.