Study on the performance of LiMn2O4 using spent Zn–Mn batteries as manganese source

Recycling spent Zn–Mn batteries by synthesizing the products with high added value is very active internationally. In this work, we have successfully synthesized the spinel LiMn₂O₄ cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by simple sol–gel method using the manganese source that is recovered from spent Zn–Mn batteries through hydrometallurgy recycling technology. The influence of sintering temperature on the structure, the morphological properties, and the electrochemical properties of the product is investigated. The results show that spinel LiMn₂O₄ prepared at 700 °C has the best comprehensive performance. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn₂O₄ has been further optimized by Co-ion doping.     

Tunable Oxygen Activation for Catalytic Organic Oxidation: Schottky Junction versus Plasmonic Effects

The charge state of the Pd surface is a critical parameter in terms of the ability of Pd nanocrystals to activate O₂ to generate a species that behaves like singlet O₂ both chemically and physically. Motivated by this finding, we designed a metal–semiconductor hybrid system in which Pd nanocrystals enclosed by {100} facets are deposited on TiO₂ supports. Driven by the Schottky junction, the TiO₂ supports can provide electrons for metal catalysts under illumination by appropriate light. Further examination by ultrafast spectroscopy revealed that the plasmonics of Pd may force a large number of electrons to undergo reverse migration from Pd to the conduction band of TiO₂ under strong illumination, thus lowering the electron density of the Pd surface as a side effect. We were therefore able to rationally tailor the charge state of the metal surface and thus modulate the function of Pd nanocrystals in O₂ activation and organic oxidation reactions by simply altering the intensity of light shed on Pd–TiO₂ hybrid structures.     

Mechanistic Insights into the Interface‐Directed Transformation of Thiols into Disulfides and Molecular Hydrogen by Visible‐Light Irradiation of Quantum Dots

Quantum dots (QDs) offer new and versatile ways to harvest light energy. However, there are few examples involving the utilization of QDs in organic synthesis. Visible‐light irradiation of CdSe QDs was found to result in virtually quantitative coupling of a variety of thiols to give disulfides and H₂ without the need for sacrificial reagents or external oxidants. The addition of small amounts of nickel(II) salts dramatically improved the efficiency and conversion through facilitating the formation of hydrogen atoms, thereby leading to faster regeneration of the ground‐state QDs. Mechanistic studies reveal that the coupling reaction occurs on the QD surfaces rather than in solution and offer a blueprint for how these QDs may be used in other photocatalytic applications. Because no sacrificial agent or oxidant is necessary and the catalyst is reusable, this method may be useful for the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins as well as in other systems sensitive to the presence of oxidants.     

Aliphatic Organoimido Derivatives of Polyoxometalates Containing a Bioactive Ligand

A series of aliphatic organoimido derivatives of hexamolybdate based on amantadine, namely (nBu₄N)₂[Mo₆O₁₈(?NC₁₀H₁₅)] ( 1 ), (nBu₄N)₂ {cis‐[Mo₆O₁₇(?NC₁₀H₁₅)₂]} ( 2 ), (nBu₄N)₂{trans‐[Mo₆O₁₇(?NC₁₀H₁₅)₂]} ( 3 ), and (nBu₄N)₂[Mo₆O₁₆(?NC₁₀H₁₅)₃] ( 4 ), was synthesized in reasonable yield by dehydration with N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). They were characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ESI mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. The spectral and structural similarities and differences between monosubstituted, cis‐disubstituted, and trans‐disubstituted organoimido derivatives were elucidated and may provide guidance for related work on organoimido‐functionalized Lindqvist‐type polyoxometalates. In addition, trans‐disubstituted and polysubstituted derivatives containing aliphatic organoimido ligands have not yet been reported, and the crystal structure of the trans isomer may lead us to a deeper understanding of disubstituted derivatives. Furthermore, proliferation and morphology of MCF‐7 cells were studied with compound 1 . The present results show that the DCC‐dehydrating protocol could be an efficient approach to covalently graft bioactive ligands such as amantadine onto POMs and enhance their application in clinical cancer treatment.     

Highly Luminescent N‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as an Effective Multifunctional Fluorescence Sensing Platform

The doping of carbon quantum dots with nitrogen provides a promising direction to improve fluorescence performance and broaden their applications in sensing systems. Herein we report a one‐pot solvothermal synthesis of N‐doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) and the synthesis of a series of NCQDs with different nitrogen contents. The as‐prepared NCQDs were compared with carbon quantum dots (CQDs); the introduction of nitrogen atoms largely increased the quantum yield of NCQDs and highest emission efficiency is up to 36.3 %. The fluorescence enhancement may originate from more polyaromatic structures induced by incorporated nitrogen atoms and protonation of nitrogen atoms on dots. It was found that NCQDs can act as a multifunctional fluorescence sensing platform because they can be used to detect pH values, Ag^I, and Fe^III in aqueous solution. The fluorescence intensity of NCQDs is inversely proportional to pH values across a broad range from 5.0 to 13.5, which indicates that NCQDs can be devised as an effective pH indicator. Selective detection of Ag^I and Fe^III was achieved based on their distinctive fluorescence influence because Ag^I can significantly enhance the fluorescence whereas Fe^III can greatly quench the fluorescence. The quantitative determination of Ag^I can be accomplished with NCQDs by using the linear relationship between fluorescence intensity of NCQDs and concentration of Ag^I. The sensitive detection of H₂O₂ was developed by taking advantage of the distinct quenching ability of Fe^III and Fe^II toward the fluorescence of NCQDs. Cellular toxicity test showed NCQDs still retain low toxicity to cells despite the introduction of a great deal of nitrogen atoms. Moreover, bioimaging experiments demonstrated that NCQDs have stronger resistance to photobleaching than CQDs and more excellent fluorescence labeling performance.     

The synthesis and the bulk rheological properties of the highly-branched block polyethers

Several kinds of highly-branched block polyethers were synthesized via anion ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO), using phenol-amine resin (PA) as the initiator. The rheological properties determined by rotational rheometer all followed the regular rules of polymer systems: under a certain conditions, the bulk polyethers were pseudoplastic and non-Newtonian fluid, and with the increasing of the shear rate and temperature, the apparent viscosity of the block copolymers were reduced. In addition, modulus determination showed that such polyether molecules presented preferable viscosity compared to the elasticity, meanwhile, storage modulus, loss modulus and compound viscosity all decreased with the increasing of temperature. Storage modulus and loss modulus increased along with the scanning frequency increasing. But compared with the same kind of linear polymers, the significant difference was the low melt viscosity, which attributed to the special three-dimension space structure hindering the entanglement of chains. Furthermore, the rheological properties among the several block polyethers showed differences obviously. In other words, the number of block and the content of EO all have a significant effect on the rheological properties, specifically, the modulus will increase with the increasing of the block number and the EO content.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量的方法。样品用乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-水(70:30,V/V)为流动相,经C18液相色谱柱分离,DAD紫外检测器(218 nm)检测。结果表明:异菌脲在0.1~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9998),方法定量限(以S/N=10计)为0.05 mg/kg,在0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg添加水平下的加标回收率范围为81.3%~98.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%~8.9%。方法适用于大多数水果、蔬菜中异菌脲残留量的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定比格犬血浆中的莫诺苷浓度及其药代动力学

运用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术,建立了简单、快速、灵敏的比格犬灌胃莫诺苷后血药浓度的检测方法。血浆样品采用蛋白质沉淀法处理,以芍药苷作为内标,色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-SP色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,5μm),流动相为水(含1 mmol/L甲酸钠)-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式。绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,并采用DAS 2.0软件计算药代动力学参数。方法学实验结果表明内源性杂质不干扰莫诺苷和内标的测定,线性范围为2~5 000μg/L(r=0.996 6),定量限为2μg/L。方法精密度、准确度、回收率和基质效应均符合生物样品测定的要求,适合比格犬血浆中莫诺苷浓度的测定,可以应用该方法进行莫诺苷的药代动力学研究。比格犬灌胃莫诺苷3个剂量(5、15、45 mg/kg)后的血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC(0-∞))分别为(1 631.20±238.50)、(3 984.05±750.38)、(10 397.64±3 156.34)μg/L·h,与给药剂量之间呈现良好的线性关系。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定桃中31种农药残留

取均质后的桃皮或桃肉,在匀浆机上用乙腈提取;加入氯化钠及硫酸镁振荡盐析;取上清液与PSA混匀并离心进行净化。取经滤膜过滤的滤液与水混匀后供液相色谱-串联质谱分析。用Agilent Eclipse plus C18 RRHT色谱柱为分离柱,用含甲酸的5mmol·L-1甲酸铵溶液与乙腈以不同比例的混合液作流动相进行梯度淋洗。质谱测定中采用电喷雾正离子源动态多反应监测模式进行检测。所测31种农药在一定质量分数范围内保持线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.04~20μg·kg-1之间,回收率在73.6%~119%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.70%~17%之间。     

两个基于4-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)苯甲酸的稀土配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质(英文)

以4-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)苯甲酸为配体,采用水热法合成了2种稀土配位聚合物[Tb(tbc3)(H2O)3]n(1)和{[Nd(tbc3)(H2O)3]·H2O}n(2)(Htbc=4-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)苯甲酸)。运用X-射线单晶衍射法对该配位聚合物进行了结构测定,并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱、TG及荧光光谱表征。单晶结构表明,配位聚合物1为三斜晶系,空间群P1,配位聚合物2属于单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c。配位聚合物1和2均为一维链结构,均通过非共价键作用形成三维超分子构造。