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61.
Samiha SalmaouiFaouzi Sediri Néji GharbiChristian Perruchot Salah AeiyachIwona A. Rutkowska Pawel J. KuleszaMohamed Jouini 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(19):8223-8229
Tungsten trioxide, unhydrated with hexagonal structure (h-WO3), has been prepared by hydrothermal method at a temperature of 180 °C in acidified sodium tungstate solution. Thus prepared h-WO3 has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and using electrochemical techniques. The morphology has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and it is consistent with existence of nanorods of 50-70 nm diameter and up to 5 μm length. Cyclic voltammetric characterization of thin films of h-WO3 nanorods has revealed reversible redox behaviour with charge-discharge cycling corresponding to the reversible lithium intercalation/deintercalation into the crystal lattice of the h-WO3 nanorods. In propylene carbonate containing LiClO4, two successive redox processes of hexagonal WO3 nanorods are observed at the scan rate of 50 mV/s. Such behaviour shall be attributed to the presence of at least two W atoms of different surroundings in the lattice structure of h-WO3 nanorods. On the other hand, in aqueous LiClO4 solution, only one redox process is observed at the scan rate of 10 mV/s. The above observations can be explained in terms of differences in the diffusion of ions inside two types of channel cavities existing in the structure of the h-WO3 nanorods. Moreover, the material can be applied as active support for the catalytic bi-metallic Pt-Ru nanoparticles during electrooxidation of ethanol in acid medium (0.5 mol dm−3 H2SO4). 相似文献
62.
Pawel Sosna 《Applied Categorical Structures》2014,22(1):211-227
Given a triangulated category ${{\mathcal T}}$ over a field K and a field extension L/K, we investigate how one can construct a triangulated category ${{\mathcal T}}_L$ over L. Our approach produces the derived category of the base change scheme X L if ${{\mathcal T}}$ is the bounded derived category of a smooth projective variety over K and the field extension is finite and Galois. We also investigate how the dimension of a triangulated category behaves under scalar extensions. 相似文献
63.
64.
Pawel Kröger 《Journal of Theoretical Probability》1990,3(4):515-531
We prove comparison theorems for diffusion processes onR
d. From these theorems we derive lower and upper bounds for the transition probabilities of a diffusion process. In contrast to the known estimates for fundamental solutions of parabolic equations our bounds do not depend on the moduli of continuity of the coefficients of the differential operator. 相似文献
65.
Pawel Kowalczyk Shunji Kasahara Md.Humayun Kabir Hajime Kat 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》2003,220(2):162-169
The E(4) 1Πu←X 1Σ+g band system of the K2 molecule is investigated by the technique of Doppler-free optical–optical double resonance polarization spectroscopy. The observed vibrational levels v=0 to 9 of the E state are subject to numerous rotational perturbations by the neighboring 4 3Πu, 4 1Σ+u, and 5 3Σ+u electronic states. By using deperturbation methods, the potential curves of the 4 1Πu and 4 3Πu states are determined as well as some properties of the 4 1Σ+u and 5 3Σ+u state potentials. The results are compared with predictions of ab initio calculations. 相似文献
66.
67.
Yukiko Furuhashi Pawel Sikorski Edward Atkins Tadahisa Iwata Yoshiharu Doi 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2001,39(21):2622-2634
Poly(δ‐valerolactone) (PVL) crystals in the form of chain‐folded lamellae were prepared by isothermal crystallization from a 2‐methylbutane‐2‐ol solution. Wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction data, obtained from PVL lamellae sedimented to form oriented mats, were supplemented with morphological and structural data from electron microscopy, both imaging and diffraction. The diffraction signals index on an orthorhombic unit cell with the parameters a = 0.747 ± 0.002 nm, b = 0.502 ± 0.002 nm, and c (chain axis) = 0.742 ± 0.002 nm. Similar unit cell parameters were obtained from crystals grown from 1‐octanol and also from drawn melt‐pressed films. The evidence supports a model containing two antiparallel chain segments in the unit cell. The c value of 0.742 nm is appropriate for an all‐trans or onefold helical backbone conformation for the straight stems. Possible slight perturbations at the ester units from the all‐trans backbone conformation are discussed. Computerized modeling was used to optimize the adjacent‐reentry folded structure. The setting angles, with respect to the a axis, are ±58° for the corner and center chains. The lamellae are 7.26 ± 0.05 nm thick, and the chains run orthogonal to the lamellar surface. The chains fold in the diagonal (110) and (11¯0) planes in an alternating fashion. The X‐ray diffraction data suggest that a proportion of adjacent paired antiparallel entities, or hairpin units, are c‐axis‐sheared, and a relationship to the results obtained from drawn films is discussed. A brief comparison is also made with related polymer structures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2622–2634, 2001 相似文献
68.
Distribution of the strength of acid sites in mildly steamed HZSM-5 studied by IR spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jerzy Datka Barbara Gil Pawel Baran Brigitte Staudte 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2002,77(2):209-217
Steaming resulted in modification of the distribution of acid strength of OH groups. The contribution of less acidic sites increased and new, very strongly acidic hydroxyls characterized by IR band at 3590 cm-1 appeared. 相似文献
69.
A new location problem is formulated and solved. It is the continuous version of the grey pattern problem which is a special case of the Quadratic Assignment Problem. The problem is a minimization of a convex function subject to non-convex constraints and has infinitely many optimal solutions. We propose several mathematical programming formulations that are suitable for a multi-start heuristic algorithm. In addition to solving these formulations by the Solver in Excel and Mathematica, a special Nelder–Mead algorithm is proposed. This special algorithm provided the best results. One suggested modification may improve the performance of the Nelder–Mead algorithm for other optimization problems as well. 相似文献
70.
We present the results on the partitioning of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anticancer drug, through the model membrane system, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes. The monolayers were formed from alkanethiols of comparable length with different ω-terminal groups facing the aqueous electrolyte: the hydrophobic -CH(3) groups for the case of dodecanethiol SAMs or hydrophilic -OH groups of mercaptoundecanol SAMs. The electrochemical experiments combined with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and gravimetric studies show that doxorubicin is likely adsorbed onto the surface of hydrophilic monolayer, while for the case of the hydrophobic one the drug mostly penetrates the monolayer moiety. The adsorption of the drug hinders further penetration of doxorubicin into the monolayer moiety. 相似文献