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81.
In this Note we deal with the finite element approximation of a transmission problem across a prefractal curve approximating the von Koch fractal curve. We construct a mesh adapted to the geometric shape of the interface and we refine it consistently with some estimates in suitable weighted Sobolev spaces. In these spaces we also obtain an approximation error estimate. To cite this article: P. Bagnerini et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006). 相似文献
82.
83.
Natural estrogens in dairy products: Determination of free and conjugated forms by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
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Chiara Cavaliere Anna Laura Capriotti Patrizia Foglia Susy Piovesana Roberto Samperi Salvatore Ventura Aldo Lagan 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(20):3599-3606
Natural estrogens are synthesized by mammals in different amounts depending on the developmental stage and pregnancy/lactation period, and they may pass into milk, where they are mostly present as glucuronated and sulfated forms. In modern dairy practices, about 75% of milk is produced from pregnant cows; therefore, the amount of hormones that may pass into milk could be of concern. While estrogen determination in milk has been investigated in depth, the individual determination of estrogens and their conjugated forms in dairy products has not been fully addressed. The aim of this work was to develop and assess a sensitive method, using the peculiar retention properties of graphitized carbon black, to extract natural free estrogens and their major conjugated metabolites, without any enzymatic cleavage, from yogurt, cheese, and butter. The free and conjugated estrogens were eluted in two distinct fractions from the solid‐phase extraction cartridge and analyzed separately by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries were higher than 80% for all the three sample typologies. The highest matrix effects were observed for butter, which was richest in lipid content, but was below 30%. A survey on some commercial dairy products suggests that production processes decreased estrogen content. 相似文献
84.
Perez AA Sánchez CC Patino JM Rubiolo AC Santiago LG 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2011,85(2):50-315
Milk whey proteins (MWP) and pectins (Ps) are biopolymer ingredients commonly used in the manufacture of colloidal food products. Therefore, knowledge of the interfacial characteristics of these biopolymers and their mixtures is very important for the design of food dispersion formulations (foams and/or emulsions). In this paper, we examine the adsorption and surface dilatational behaviour of MWP/Ps systems under conditions in which biopolymers can saturate the air-water interface on their own. Experiments were performed at constant temperature (20 °C), pH 7 and ionic strength 0.05 M. Two MWP samples, β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and whey protein concentrate (WPC), and two Ps samples, low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) and high-methoxyl pectin (HMP) were evaluated. The contribution of biopolymers (MWP and Ps) to the interfacial properties of mixed systems was evaluated on the basis of their individual surface molecular characteristics. Biopolymer bulk concentration capable of saturating the air-water interface was estimated from surface pressure isotherms. Under conditions of interfacial saturation, dynamic adsorption behaviour (surface pressure and dilatational rheological characteristics) of MWP/Ps systems was discussed from a kinetic point of view, in terms of molecular diffusion, penetration and configurational rearrangement at the air-water interface. The main adsorption mechanism in MWP/LMP mixtures might be the MWP interfacial segregation due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between MWP and LMP (synergistic mechanism); while the interfacial adsorption in MWP/HMP mixtures could be characterized by a competitive mechanism between MWP and HMP at the air-water interface (antagonistic mechanism). The magnitude of these phenomena could be closely related to differences in molecular composition and/or aggregation state of MWP (β-LG and WPC). 相似文献
85.
Di Santo G Blankenburg S Castellarin-Cudia C Fanetti M Borghetti P Sangaletti L Floreano L Verdini A Magnano E Bondino F Pignedoli CA Nguyen MT Gaspari R Passerone D Goldoni A 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,17(51):14354-14359
Scratching the surface: Formation of a monolayer of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrins (2H-TPP) on Ag(111), either by sublimation of a multilayer in the range 525-600?K or by annealing (at the same temperature) a monolayer deposited at room temperature, induces a chemical modification of the molecules. Rotation of the phenyl rings into a flat conformation is observed and tentatively explained, by using DFT calculations, as a peculiar reaction due to molecular dehydrogenation. 相似文献
86.
Ambrosi G Formica M Fusi V Giorgi L Macedi E Micheloni M Paoli P Pontellini R Rossi P 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,17(5):1670-1682
Binding properties of 24,29-dimethyl-6,7,15,16-tetraoxotetracyclo[19.5.5.0(5,8).0(14,17)]-1,4,9,13,18,21,24,29-octaazaenatriaconta-Δ(5,8),Δ(14,17)-diene ligand L towards Zn(II) and anions, such as the halide series and inorganic oxoanions (phosphate (Pi), sulfate, pyrophosphate (PPi), and others), were investigated in aqueous solution; in addition, the Zn(II)/L system was tested as a metal-ion-based receptor for the halide series. Ligand L is a cryptand receptor incorporating two squaramide functions in an over-structured chain that connects two opposite nitrogen atoms of the Me(2)[12]aneN(4) polyaza macrocyclic base. It binds Zn(II) to form mononuclear species in which the metal ion, coordinated by the Me(2)[12]aneN(4) moiety, lodges inside the three-dimensional cavity. Zn(II)-containing species are able to bind chloride and fluoride at the physiologically important pH value of 7.4; the anion is coordinated to the metal center but the squaramide units play the key role in stabilizing the anion through a hydrogen-bonding network; two crystal structures reported here clearly show this aspect. Free L is able to bind fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, Pi, and PPi in aqueous solution. The halides are bound at acidic pH, whereas the oxoanions are bound in a wide range of pH values ranging from acidic to basic. The cryptand cavity, abundant in hydrogen-bonding sites at all pH values, allows excellent selectivity towards Pi to be achieved mainly at physiological pH 7.4. By joining amine and squaramide moieties and using this preorganized topology, it was possible, with preservation of the solubility of the receptor, to achieve a very wide pH range in which oxoanions can be bound. The good selectivity towards Pi allows its discrimination in a manner not easily obtainable with nonmetallic systems in aqueous environment. 相似文献
87.
Herein we report the asymmetric addition of phenylboronic acid to different cycloalkenones, mediated by a Rh(I) complex with the tropos phosphoramidite (S)-L1 or the nontropos phosphoramidite (S)-L2 ligand. Different values of enantiomeric purity of the 3-phenylcycloalkanone products have been obtained, mainly depending on the ring size of the substrates, with (S)-L1 affording higher ee values than (S)-L2. These results could be explained by reasoning that for the tropos phosphoramidite, a ‘chiral pocket’ is formed when the ligand links to the metal atom. By fitting in this pocket, the substrate can stereoselectively coordinate to the Rh(I) atom, undergoing attack of the phenyl ring from the phenylboronic acid to a preferred enantioface. This causes the high (up to 96%) values of enantioselectivity observed with some of the substrates. A ‘chiral pocket’ cannot be formed with the nontropos ligand (S)-L2 and, as a consequence, the stereoselectivity is greatly reduced. 相似文献
88.
Franco Pavese Patrizia Ciarlini Peter P.M. Steur 《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2011,43(1):75-79
This paper purpose is to re-calculate thermodynamic or chemical–physical properties according to thermodynamic temperature T, where measured temperature values were obtained according to the ITS-90, T90 (or the reverse). The main aims of the calculations are: to remove the discontinuity of the first derivative at 273.16 K that is intrinsic in the ITS-90 definition; to use a single cubic spline to model the database of the available experimental data over the whole temperature range (2.37 to 1235) K, while maximising the medium-range smoothness of the correction function; to compute corrections using only local polynomial coefficients. 相似文献
89.
The aim of this research was to study the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape seeds, by-products from winemaking industries, using ethanolic solid-liquid extraction. For such a purpose, the combined effects of the extraction time (9, 19 and 29?h) and the solid-liquid ratio (0.10, 0.20 and 0.30?gdw?mL(-1)), were investigated (where dw?=?dry waste). Results demonstrated that Pinot Noir seeds had high levels of both total polyphenols (73.66?mg(Gallic Acid Equivalent)?gdw(-1)) and flavonoids (30.90?mg(Catechin Equivalent)?gdw(-1)), being the optimum extraction time 19?h approximately. The main phenolic compounds analysed with high performance liquid chromatography were catechin and quercetin with a maximum extraction yield obtained at 29?h (362.23 and 339.35?mg/100?gdw, respectively). Concentration of the polyphenols and their antiradical powers are demonstrated to have a significant linear correlation. 相似文献
90.