Double and negative reflection of cold atoms in non-Abelian gauge potentials

Atom reflection is studied in the presence of a non-Abelian vector potential proportional to a spin-1/2 operator. The potential is produced by a relatively simple laser configuration for atoms with a tripod level scheme. We show that the atomic motion is described by two different dispersion branches with positive or negative chirality. As a consequence, atom reflection shows unusual features, since an incident wave may split into two reflected ones at a barrier, an ordinary specular reflection, and an additional nonspecular one. Remarkably, the latter wave can exhibit negative reflection and may become evanescent if the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value. These reflection properties are crucial for future designs in non-Abelian atom optics.     

Deuteron energy of 15 MK in ultra-dense deuterium without plasma formation: Temperature of the interior of the Sun

Deuterons are released with kinetic energy up to 630 eV from ultra-dense deuterium as shown previously, by Coulomb explosions initiated by ns laser pulses at . With higher laser intensity at , the initial kinetic energy now observed by TOF-MS with variable acceleration energy is up to 1100 eV per deuteron. This indicates ejection of one deuteron by Coulomb repulsion from two stationary charges in the material. It proves a full kinetic energy release of 1260 eV or a deuteron temperature of 15 MK, similar to the temperature in the interior of the Sun. Plasma processes are excluded by the sharp TOF peaks observed and by the slow signal variation with laser intensity. Deuterons with even higher energy from multiple charge repulsion are probably detected. D + D fusion processes are expected to exist in the ultra-dense phase without plasma formation.     

One‐dimensional finite element grids based on a localized truncation error analysis

With the exponential increase in computing power, modelers of coastal and oceanic regions are capable of simulating larger domains with increased resolution. Typically, these models use graded meshes wherein the size of the elements can vary by orders of magnitude. However, with notably few exceptions, the graded meshes are generated using criteria that neither optimize placement of the node points nor properly incorporate the physics, as represented by discrete equations, underlying tidal flow and circulation to the mesh generation process. Consequently, the user of the model must heuristically adjust such meshes based on knowledge of local flow and topographical features—a rough and time consuming proposition at best. Herein, a localized truncation error analysis (LTEA) is proposed as a means to efficiently generate meshes that incorporate estimates of flow variables and their derivatives. In a one‐dimensional (1D) setting, three different LTEA‐based finite element grid generation methodologies are examined and compared with two common algorithms: the wavelength to Δx ratio criterion and the topographical length scale criterion. Errors are compared on a per node basis. It is shown that solutions based on LTEA meshes are, in general, more accurate (both locally and globally) and more efficient. In addition, the study shows that the first four terms of the ordered truncation error series are in direct competition and, subsequently, that the leading order term of the truncation error series is not necessarily the dominant term. Analyses and results from this 1D study lay the groundwork for developing an efficient mesh generating algorithm suitable for two‐dimensional (2D) models. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

选择离子流动管质谱对汽车尾气成分的分析

运用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT／MS)装置,以H3O^ 、NO^ 、O2^ 为初始离子对安装有催化转换装置的汽油车引擎启动5min后的尾气进行了取样分析,结果表明,尾气中含有大量的C—H化合物(包括烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃),含氧有机物(包括醛、酮、醇)以及NH3和NOx等污染成分。其中,NO的含量最高,它的浓度比其它所有SIFT／MS装置所能测量到的各种物质的总和还多;在C—H化合物中以芳香烃的含量最高,约占整个C—H化合物含量的一半以上;在含氧有机物中以醛类物质的含量最高。初步讨论了这些成分的形成动力学过程,对引擎冷启动和热启动时的尾气成分进行了分析,结果表明：冷启动尾气中C—H化合物和NOx的含量是热启动的3—5倍,而含氧有机物的含量没有很大的变化,此结果也证明了尾气的催化转化装置是一种减少尾气中C—H化合物和NOx污染物的一种有效的控制方法。这也证明了SIFT／MS技术是一种有效的分析痕量有机污染物的方法。     

An adaptive stochastic sequential quadratic programming with differentiable exact augmented lagrangians

Mathematical Programming - We consider solving nonlinear optimization problems with a stochastic objective and deterministic equality constraints. We assume for the objective that its evaluation,...     

A Diffuse-Interface Approach for Solid-State Dewetting with Anisotropic Surface Energies

Journal of Nonlinear Science - Exact variational integrators were exposed in the context of Lagrangian mechanics in Marsden and West (2001). These integrators sample the trajectories of holonomic...