A Structural Mapping Approach to Complex Decision-Making

Different methods currently available for multiple criteria decision analysis, such as cost-benefit analysis and utility theory, make strong axiomatic demands. The method suggested here uses multidimensional scaling techniques, as applied to the problem of constructing geographical maps from fragmentary information, to draw maps of policies involving many attributes in such a way as to throw most preferred and least preferred policies to opposite poles. The only axiomatic demand is non-transitive indifference. An analysis suggests that the method is robust against changes in the input data.     

Application of the short-term Leqto the identification and quantification of several sources constituting an environment

A technique applicable to situations with different noise sources is developed on the basis of a series of limited data (short-term $\text{L}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>eq</mtext>}}$).This technique makes acoustic monitoring of a site possible, identifying and evaluating the respective contributions of the different components of the environment studied.     

Characterization of glass surfaces by electron spectroscopy

Commercial glasses typically consist of many metal oxides and the surface composition of a glass article can be very different from that of its interior due to vaporization, surface migration, etc., during fabrication. At the same time the chemical make-up of the surface is extremely important in any commercial application, directly affecting the strength and durability of the product. Analytical techniques capable of examining the surface composition have been limited, however, and classical methods of chemical analysis have never been able to supply the desired information. This paper contains a review of analytical procedures that have been used for glass surface analysis and explores the potential of several recently developed techniques. These include the Electron Microprobe, Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Ion Scattering Spectroscopy and Secondary Ion Mass Analysis. The use of Electron Spectroscopy in the study of glass compositions common to the glass fiber industry will be explored in depth.     

Pion mean free path in nuclear matter

The mean free paths for true absorption and inelastic scattering-as well as true absorption alone-of pions in symmetric nuclear matter are deduced from two sets of optical model parameters.     

On the zeros of monotone operators of retarded type in a Banach space

The existence of zeros of operators which map into a Banach space E but whose domain is the space of continuous functions on some real interval into E are considered.     

Effet stereodirecteur d'un groupe phenyle par coordination π arene metal dans l'addition d'organometalliques sur la (±) methyl-2 phenyl-2 indanone-1

The steric course of the 1–2 addition of organometallics to the (±) 2-methyl, 2-phenyl, 1-indanone mainly depends on the nature of the metal. Most strikingly opposite stereoselectivities are observed with organolithium and organomagnesium reagents. These results point out the directive effect of the adjacent phenyl group via metal-arene coordination in the transition state.     

Relativity and indeterminism

It is well known that Albert Einstein adhered to a deterministic world view throughout his career. Nevertheless, his developments of the special and general theories of relativity prove to be incompatible with that world view. Two different forms of determinism—classical Laplacian determinism and the determinism of isolated systems—are considered. Through careful considerations of what concretely is involved in predicting future states of the entire universe, or of isolated systems, it is shown that the demands of the theories of relativity make these deterministic positions untenable.