Antifungal Activity of Microgramma vacciniifolia Rhizome Lectin on Genetically Distinct Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Races

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 1, 2, and 3 deteriorate tomato crops since they cause a vascular wilt. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with hemagglutinating and antifungal activities. This work reports that Microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin (MvRL) inhibits F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 growth (61 %) more intensely than of races 1 (55 %) and 2 (45 %). The hemagglutinating activity of MvRL was inhibited by glycoprotein preparations from mycelia of races 1, 2, and 3, and these data indicate that lectin carbohydrate-binding sites recognized glycosylated molecules from races. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system showed that race 3 is genetically distinct from races 1 and 2, and thus the highest sensitiveness of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 to MvRL may be due to molecular characteristics of this race.     

Amphiphilic well-defined degradable star block copolymers by combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis and application as drug delivery carriers

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most popular advanced polymerization techniques in macromolecular science, allowing the synthesis of tailor-made polymers with controlled molecular weight, architecture, composition, and functionality. The combination of ATRP and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) provides a straightforward route for the preparation of polymers exhibiting both targeted and well-defined features and biodegradability, which is very interesting for the development of new materials for biomedical applications. Among the different types of polymer architectures, amphiphilic star block copolymers (BCPs) represent a very attractive one, due to their high degree of functionality at the molecular surface, low hydrodynamic volume and higher encapsulation ability, compared to molecular systems based on linear polymers. This review article highlights the research focused on the synthesis of amphiphilic well-defined degradable star BCPs by combination of ROP and ATRP, with particular focus on the development of polymers for biomedical applications, such as anticancer drug delivery, diagnosis therapy, or photodynamic therapy, which is the most investigated field regarding these polymers.     

The protein folding transition state: insights from kinetics and thermodynamics

We perform extensive lattice Monte Carlo simulations of protein folding to construct and compare the equilibrium and the kinetic transition state ensembles of a model protein that folds to the native state with two-state kinetics. The kinetic definition of the transition state is based on the folding probability analysis method, and therefore on the selection of conformations with 0.4相似文献   

Letter: radical ion and protonated molecule formation with retinal in electrospray and nanospray

This paper reports a preliminary study of the nanospray ionisation mass spectrometry analyses of retinoic acid and retinal. The results are compared and contrasted to the results normally observed with electrospray ionisation. A significant difference in behaviour was observed for the balance between radical ion formation and protonated molecule formation for retinal. The results suggest that the influence of the very different ionisation conditions present in nanospray is very important in determining how ionisation is achieved and has potentially wide ranging applications in the fields of mass spectral analysis of biological and medical extracts.     

Invariance under outer inverses

We shall use the minus partial order combined with Pierce’s decomposition to derive the class of outer inverses for idempotents, units and group invertible elements. Subsequently we show, for matrices over a field \({\mathbb {F}}\), that the triplet \(B\hat{A}C\) is invariant under all choices of outer inverses of A if and only if \(B = 0\) or \(C = 0\).     

Reverse Order Law for the Core Inverse in Rings

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions of the one-sided reverse order law \((ab)^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}=b^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}a^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}\), the two-sided reverse order law \((ab)^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}=b^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}a^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}\) and \((ba)^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}=a^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}b^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}\) for the core inverse are given in rings with involution. In addition, the mixed-type reverse order laws, such as \((ab)^{\#}=b^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}(abb^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}})^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}\), \(a^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}=b(ab)^{\#}\) and \((ab)^{\#}=b^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}a^{\tiny {\textcircled {\tiny \#}}}\), are also considered.     

Ergodic properties of skew products in infinite measure

Let (Ω, µ) be a shift of finite type with a Markov probability, and (Y, ν) a non-atomic standard measure space. For each symbol i of the symbolic space, let Φ_i be a non-singular automorphism of (Y, ν). We study skew products of the form (ω, y) ? (σω, Φ_ω0 (y)), where σ is the shift map on (Ω, µ). We prove that, when the skew product is recurrent, it is ergodic if and only if the Φ_i’s have no common non-trivial invariant set.     

Biodegradable ionic liquids in service of biomass upgrade

This work presents an up-to-date overview of the use of biodegradable ionic liquids in the conversion of biomass in the context of biorefineries. Special attention is given to works in which biodegradability potentiates advanced application of ionic liquids in terms of process intensification for deployment of technologies towards bioenergy carriers or bioderived value-added products.     

Chromones from Licania arianeae (Chrysobalanaceae)

The phytochemical studies of the leaves of Licania arianeae Prance (Crysobalanaceae) have led to the identification of ten new chromones, four 5,7-dihydroxy-2-alkylchromones, four 5,7-dihydroxy-6-chloro-2-alkylchromones and two 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dichloro-2-alkylchromones. The structures were established from IR, NMR and FAB-MS spectra data including 2D NMR experiments of natural substances and of the methyl derivatives.