Studies on purification of plutonium from silver ions

Precipitation and solvent extraction methods have been investigated for the purification of plutonium from silver from the solution generated during oxidative dissolution of plutonium oxide using Ag(II) ions. Initial experiments have been carried out using thorium as representative of plutonium. Selecting the optimum conditions, the experiments were repeated with plutonium. The results revealed that Pu can be purified from silver ions either by precipitating silver as silver chloride or silver metal followed by Pu(IV) oxalate precipitation or by selective extraction of Pu(IV) into 20% Aliquat-336 or 30% TBP.     

Investigation into the rotational bands of ~(185)Pt with the particle-rotor model

Theoretical calculations have been performed for the ν9/2+[624](i13/2) and ν7/2-[503](f7/2) bands of 185Pt in the framework of particle-rotor model. The band properties of signature splitting and configuration mixing have been analyzed. The level energy and signature splitting before the band crossing can be well interpreted by introducing triaxiality. The positive-parity yrast band is pro posed to be dominated by the ν9/2+[624](i13/2) component, while the negative-parity band shows strong mixing of ν7/2-[5...     

Interaction of Fluorescein with Felodipine: A Spectrofluorometric and Thermodynamic Study

The interaction between fluorescein and felodipine (FLD) was investigated by the spectrofluorometric method. The fluorescence of FLD was quenched by fluorescein and quenching is in accordance with the Stern-Volmer relation. The binding constants of fluorescein with FLD were obtained at different temperatures. The binding constant and number of binding sites at different temperatures were calculated yielding the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔS, ΔH and ΔG. The distance r between the donor (FLD) and acceptor (fluorescein) molecules was obtained according to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The optimum conditions for the fluorometric determination of fluorescein were studied and the quenching method was successfully applied to estimate the fluorescein concentration of the pharmaceutical sample directly.     

A practical method,NaOCl-mediated,to prepare thiabendazoles via intramolecular amination reaction

A series of new chlorinated thiabendazoles (6a–m) have been synthesized from readily available anilines and 4-cyanothiazole in moderate to good yields. All synthesized compounds were fully characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. Additionally, the structure of the compound (6f) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 2-phenyl benzothiazole was investigated using our optimized conditions and the outcome is presented herein.     

Examination of Selectivities of Thermally Stable Geminal Dicationic Ionic Liquids by Structural Modification

Dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as gas chromatography (GC) stationary phases as they show higher thermal stabilities, variety of polarities, and unique selectivities towards certain compounds. An important aspect contributing to them is that they show multiple solvation interactions compared to the traditional GC stationary phases. Dicationic ILs are considered as combination of three structural moieties: (1) cationic head groups; (2) a linkage chain; and (3) the counter anions. Modifications in these structural moieties can alter the chromatographic properties of IL stationary phases. In this study, a series of nine thermally stable IL stationary phases were synthesized by the combination of five different cations, two different linkage chains, and two different anions. Different test mixtures composed of a variety of compounds having different functional groups and polarities were analyzed on these columns. A comparison of the separation patterns of these different compounds on nine different IL columns provided some insights about the effects of structural modifications on the selectivities and polarities of dicationic ILs.     

Rapid,efficient and solvent-free synthesis of (un)symmetrical xanthenes catalyzed by recyclable sulfated polyborate

The present study describes a rapid, simple and straightforward approach to the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes, 14-phenyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene and tetrahydrobenzoxanthene-11-ones under solvent-free conditions using sulfated polyborate as a highly efficient catalyst. The procedure offers several advantages including cleaner reaction profile, mild reaction condition, economic, recyclable and environmentally benign catalyst, high yields, simple experimental and workup procedures. While non-extractive work up/purification, along with reusability of catalyst make this method economically affordable for large scale.     

m-Chloroperbenzoic acid-oxchromium (VI)-mediated cleavage of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles

An array of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyloxazoles were found to be cleaved to triacylamines and diacylamines (imides) using a reagent system composed of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) and 2,2′-bipyridinium chlorochromate (BPCC). The 2-alkyl-4,5-diphenyloxazoles give imides (38–60%) as the predominant cleavage product while the 2-aryl-4,5-diphenyloxazoles give triacylamines (44–71%). Two mechanisms involving intermediates such as cyclic endoperoxides or oxachromacycles were proposed. An application of the oxidative cleavage to the multi-step synthesis of (±)-phoracantholide I seco acid is detailed.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Studies of Novel Symmetrically and Nonsymmetrically 4‐(Methoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Silver Acetate Complexes

From the reaction of 1H‐imidazole ( 1a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole ( 1b ), 1H‐benzimidazole ( 1c ), 1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole ( 1d ), and 1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazole ( 1f ) with methyl 4‐(bromomethyl)benzoate ( 2 ), symmetrically and nonsymmetrically 4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, 3a – 3f , were synthesized. These NHC precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate (AgOAc) to yield the NHC–silver acetate complexes (acetato‐κO){1,3‐bis[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]imidazol‐2‐ylidene}silver ( 4a ), (acetato‐κO){4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl}silver ( 4b ), (acetato‐κO){1,3‐bis[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl}silver ( 4c ), (acetato‐κO){1‐[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐3‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl}silver ( 4d ), (acetato‐κO){4,5‐dichloro‐1‐[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐3‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl}silver ( 4e ), and (acetato‐κO){1‐[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐3‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl}silver ( 4f ), respectively. The three NHC–AgOAc complexes 4a, 4c , and 4d were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds studied in this work were preliminarily screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli using the qualitative disk‐diffusion method. All NHC–AgOAc complexes exhibited weak‐to‐medium antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 7 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, NHC–AgOAc complexes 4a and 4b , and 4d – 4f exhibited in preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 medium‐to‐high cytotoxicities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.3±0.4 to 68.3±1 μM .     

KHSO4: a highly efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for hydroarylation of styrenes

Abstract  

Hydroarylation of styrenes with arenes/heteroarenes using KHSO₄ (10 mol%) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst is described. High conversion and selectivity (>99%) were observed for hydroarylation of styrenes with 2-naphthol at reflux temperature of 1,2-dichloroethane. Yields were quantitative with all styrenes. Moderate to good conversions and selectivities were achieved with other aromatics and heteroaromatics under the same conditions. Regeneration and reusability of KHSO₄ were demonstrated. Addition of a trace amount of water could help to reactivate the KHSO₄ through dispersion and to facilitate the hydroarylation reaction.