Lipschitz and darbo conditions for the superposition operator in some non-ideal spaces of smooth functions

Let X be a Banach space of differentiable functions and A: XX be a superposition operator. We consider for A the conditions

Approximation in multiobjective optimization

Some results of approximation type for multiobjective optimization problems with a finite number of objective functions are presented. Namely, for a sequence of multiobjective optimization problems P _n which converges in a suitable sense to a limit problem P, properties of the sequence of approximate Pareto efficient sets of the P _n 's, are studied with respect to the Pareto efficient set of P. The exterior penalty method as well as the variational approximation method appear to be particular cases of this framework.     

Exploiting Synergistic Effects in Organozinc Chemistry for Direct Stereoselective C‐Glycosylation Reactions at Room Temperature

Pairing a range of bis(aryl) zinc reagents ZnAr₂ with the stronger Lewis acidic [(ZnAr^F₂)] (Ar^F=C₆F₅), enables highly stereoselective cross‐coupling between glycosyl bromides and ZnAr₂ without the use of a transition metal. Reactions occur at room temperature with excellent levels of stereoselectivity, where ZnAr^F₂ acts as a non‐coupling partner although its presence is crucial for the execution of the C(sp²)–C(sp³) bond formation process. Mechanistic studies have uncovered a unique synergistic partnership between the two zinc reagents, which circumvents the need for transition‐metal catalysis or forcing reaction conditions. Key to the success of the coupling is the avoidance of solvents that act as Lewis bases versus diarylzinc compounds (e.g. THF).     

Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of glucosylated pyrazole analogs of K252c

Pyrazole analogs of the staurosporine aglycon K252c were recently described as potent inhibitors of the three Pim protein kinase isoforms. To evaluate the impact of the introduction of a sugar moiety on the biological activities of this heterocyclic scaffold, four new glucosylated pyrazole analogs of K252c were synthesized. Their biological evaluation demonstrated that most active compounds 11 and 19 substituted by a β-d-glucosyl moiety at N12 or N13 positions exhibited antiproliferative activities toward HCT116 cells.     

Total cross sections,elastic scattering observables and direct reconstruction of scattering matrix in np Interactions between 0.8 and 1.1 GeV at SATURNE II

Neutron-proton total cross section differences with the beam and target polarizations orientated either transversally or longitudinally with respect to the beam direction, as well as 11 spin dependent elastic scattering observables measured at SATURNE II as a function of energy and angle are presented. A major part of results was measured using the quasimonoenergetic polarized neutron beam and/or the polarized proton target. A small part of data was obtained using a polarized deuteron beam considered as a beam of quasifree neutrons and protons. The present paper represents a review of measured observables. Several sets of present data are compared with results obtained in other laboratories below 0.8 GeV. Imaginary parts of spin dependent forward amplitudes for np scattering and for the isospin stateI=0 were determined. First direct reconstruction of the np scattering matrix at 0.84 GeV is shown.We acknowledge support for this work from J. Arvieux, R. Beurtey, P. Borgeaud, P. A. Chamouard, A. Fleury, E. Heer, J. M. Laget, L. Musílek, L. Price, N. A. Russakovich, J. Saudinos, and J. Tolar. Discussions with J. Franz, J. M. Lagniel, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, G. Milleret, I. Strakovsky, and Y. Terrien have solved several problems. The exploitation of the polarized target owes a lot to G. Guillier, Ph. Marlet and J. Mommejat. We thank T. Lambert, E. Perrin, J. Poupard and J. P. Richeux for their efficient help in preparation of the experiment and the SATURNE II crew for unusual accelerator operations. Finally, we express our gratitude to Françoise Haroutel, who efficiently helped overcome all administrative requirements concerning a large international colaboration. This work was partly supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and by the US Department of Energy Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38.     

Natural and artificial photo-aging of non-stabilized and pigmented, hindered-amine stabilized propylene-ethylene copolymers

This paper describes the chemical evolution of two propylene-ethylene copolymer formulations, non-stabilized and carbon black filled - HALS stabilized, exposed to a range of natural and artificially accelerated weathering techniques, commonly used in the field of material testing. With the non-stabilized formulation, a fairly good representation of weathering in outdoor conditions was demonstrated with any of the accelerated exposures through the recognition of similar chemical changes at the molecular level. In contrast, the additives in the stabilized matrix induced very different chemical evolutions depending on the weathering techniques employed. This variability has been used to critically characterize those techniques on a scientific basis.     

Infrared spectra of homogeneous and heterogeneous proton-bound dimers in the gas phase

Infrared multiphoton dissociation spectra of three homogeneous and two heterogeneous proton-bound dimers were recorded in the gas phase. Comparison of the experimental infrared spectra recorded in the fingerprint region of the proton-bound dimers with spectra predicted by electronic structure calculations shows that all modes which are observed contain motion of the proton oscillating between the two monomers. The O-H-O asymmetric stretch for the homogeneous dimers is shown to occur at around 800 cm-1. As expected, the O-H-O asymmetric stretching modes for the heterogeneous proton-bound dimers are observed to shift to significantly higher energy with respect to those for the homogeneous proton-bound dimers due to the asymmetry of the O-H-O moeity. This shift is shown to be predictable from the difference in proton affinities between the two monomers. Density functional predictions of the infrared spectra based on the harmonic oscillator model are demonstrated to predict the observed spectra of the homogeneous proton-bound dimers with reasonable accuracy. Calculations of the structure and infrared spectrum of protonated diglyme at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level and basis also agree well with an infrared spectrum recorded previously. For both heterogeneous proton-bound dimers, however, the predicted spectra are blue-shifted with respect to experiment.     

Photochemistry and environment XII: Phototransformation of 3-nitrophenol in aqueous solution

The quantum yield φ of phototransformation of 3-nitrophenol is very low, but a strong wavelength effect is observed. At pH 2.2 in degassed solution φ_{254 nm} = 7.3 × 10⁻⁵ and φ_{365 nm} = 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. The effect of dissolved oxygen on the photoreactions remains limited. Seven organic photoproducts were identified: resorcinol, 4-nitrosoresorcinol, 2,4-dinitrosoresorcinol, 3-nitrocatechol, 4-nitrocatechol, nitrohydroquinone and 2,3′-dihydroxy-4-nitrobiphenyl. From the inhibiting effect of ethanol it can be concluded that resorcinol is mainly formed through a primary heterolytic photohydrolysis of 3-nitrophenol. The formation of nitrosoresorcinol and the nitrodiphenols can be attributed to the reactions of hydroxyl radicals formed by nitrite (or nitrate) ion excitation.