Bianchi Type I Magnetized Barotropic Perfect Fluid Cosmological Model in General Relativity

Bianchi Type I barotropic perfect fluid cosmological model in presence of magnetic field, is investigated. To get the deterministic model, we have also assumed that σ ₁¹ α θ where σ ₁¹ is the eigen-value of shear tensor σ _i ^j and θ the expansion in the model. The behavior of the model in presence and absence of magnetic field and singularities in the model are also discussed.     

Injectable solid peptide hydrogel as a cell carrier: effects of shear flow on hydrogels and cell payload

β-hairpin peptide-based hydrogels are a class of injectable solid hydrogels that can deliver encapsulated cells or molecular therapies to a target site via syringe or catheter injection as a carrier material. These physical hydrogels can shear-thin and consequently flow as a low-viscosity material under a sufficient shear stress but immediately recover back into a solid upon removal of the stress, allowing them to be injected as preformed gel solids. Hydrogel behavior during flow was studied in a cylindrical capillary geometry that mimicked the actual situation of injection through a syringe needle in order to quantify effects of shear-thin injection delivery on hydrogel flow behavior and encapsulated cell payloads. It was observed that all β-hairpin peptide hydrogels investigated displayed a promising flow profile for injectable cell delivery: a central wide plug flow region where gel material and cell payloads experienced little or no shear rate, and a narrow shear zone close to the capillary wall where gel and cells were subject to shear deformation. The width of the plug flow region was found to be weakly dependent on hydrogel rigidity and flow rate. Live-dead assays were performed on encapsulated MG63 cells 3 h after injection flow and revealed that shear-thin delivery through the capillary had little impact on cell viability and the spatial distribution of encapsulated cell payloads. These observations help us to fundamentally understand how the gels flow during injection through a thin catheter and how they immediately restore mechanically and morphologically relative to preflow, static gels.     

Study on effect of sodium based buffers on the isotopic measurement of boron using Na2BO2+ by thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Alkali metaborate ions are usually monitored for the isotopic measurement of boron by positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Large...     

Design and synthesis of novel diamide derivatives of glycine as antihyperglycemic agents

DPP-4 inhibition is one of the most extensively explored approaches for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most DPP-4 inhibitors in the market contain a proline mimetic active pharmacophore. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of a series of novel diamide derivatives of glycine, devoid of the proline mimic, for the treatment of T2D. As predicted from in silico studies, the diamide derivatives of glycine exhibited comparable DPP-4 inhibition with the standard as confirmed by the preliminary in vitro studies. Compound 6b was found to be the most potent (IC₅₀ 94.82 nM) DPP-4 inhibitor among all the molecules synthesized in the series.     

Analysis of 28 insecticides in curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A simple and efficient method was developed for analysis of 28 insecticides (organochlorines, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids) in curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.). The extraction of the analytes was carried out with acidified acetonitrile and purification with magnesium sulphate, primary secondary amine along with graphitised carbon black to remove excess chlorophyll content in curry leaves. Acetonitrile extracts were changed into hexane + acetone (9 + 1) and hexane + toluene (9 + 1) in the final step. In another method ethyl acetate was used for extraction and purification was carried out as above. The analytes in the samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Use of ethyl acetate increased the recovery of the analytes, but co-extractive interference led to higher GC maintenance. Acidified acetonitrile was found to be a better extraction solvent compared with ethyl acetate. The use of hexane:toluene (9:1) as exchange solvent increased the recovery of organochlorine insecticides compared with hexane:acetone (9:1). The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 mg kg^?1 for organochlorine insecticides and 0.05 mg kg^?1 for organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids. The recoveries of organochlorines were within 70.36–82.45%; organophosphates, 82.54–90.93% and synthetic pyrethroids, 88.45–90.71% at the LOQ level. The method developed was found suitable for analysis of real samples of curry leaves. The pesticides detected in curry leaves collected from the retail market were mainly organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids.     

Quantum parameters based study of some heterocycles using density functional theory method: A comparative theoretical study

Density functional theory can envisage a vast assortment of molecular possessions such as molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, molecular energies, ionization energies, polar, electric and magnetic properties etc. The efficacy of this method relies on the study of electronic parameters to categorize the reactive sites to comprehend the plausible action of these scaffolds. Further it also facilitates the correlation between the structural characteristics of drug and their inhibition efficiency against infectious microorganisms. In light of the above facts, we have studied the structural parameters such as energy (total), variation of electron density over highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), charge distribution, absolute electronegativity (χ), softness/hardness (σ/ɳ) and fraction of electron transfer (ΔN) of some previously synthesized heterocycles.