Ruthenium(II) complexes containing 4‐methoxybenzhydrazone ligands: synthesis,characterization, DNA binding,DNA cleavage,radical scavenging and in vitro cytotoxic activity

Three ruthenium(II) hydrazone complexes of composition [RuCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂L] were synthesized from the reactions of [RuHCl(CO)(PPh₃)₃] with hydrazones derived from 4‐methoxybenzhydrazide and 4‐formylbenzoic acid (HL¹), 4‐methylbenzaldehyde (HL²) and 2‐bromobenzaldehyde (HL³). The synthesized hydrazone ligands and their metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared, UV–visible, NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P) and mass spectral techniques. The hydrazone ligands act as bidentate ones, with O and N as the donor sites, and are predominantly found in the enol form in all the complexes studied. The molecular structures of the ligands HL¹, HL² and HL³ were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The interactions of the ligands and the complexes with calf thymus DNA were studied using absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry which revealed that the compounds could interact with calf thymus DNA through intercalation. The DNA cleavage activity of the complexes was evaluated using a gel electrophoresis assay which revealed that the complexes act as good DNA cleavage agents. In addition, all the complexes were subjected to antioxidant assay, which showed that they all possess significant scavenging activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, OH and NO radicals. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of the complexes examined on cancerous cell lines (HeLa and MCF‐7) showed that the complexes exhibit substantial anticancer activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Infrared, optical absorption, and EPR spectroscopic studies on natural gypsum

The natural gypsum has been investigated by infrared, Raman, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fundamental stretching and bending vibrations observed in the infrared region for SO₄²⁻ and H₂O are compared with the near-infrared overtones and combinations of these vibrations. MIR and Raman spectral features are attributed to sulfate fundamentals and lattice vibrations of H₂O, SO₄²⁻. The charge transfer and ligand field transition bands were observed near 490, 630, and 800–900 nm and were compared to those of iron oxides. The optical absorption spectrum indicates the presence of ferric and ferrous ions in the mineral. The site symmetry of Fe(III) in the sample is tetragonally distorted. EPR results indicate the presence of the ferric ion in a tetragonally distorted state.     

Crystal growth and comparison of vibrational and thermal properties of semi-organic nonlinear optical materials

Single crystals of urea thiourea mercuric sulphate (UTHS) and urea thiourea mercuric chloride (UTHC), semi-organic nonlinear optical materials, were grown by low-temperature solution growth technique by slow evaporation method using water as the solvent. Good quality single crystals were grown within three weeks. The nonlinear nature of the crystals was confirmed by SHG test. The UV-Vis spectrum showed the transmitting ability of the crystals in the entire visible region. FTIR spectrum was recorded and vibrational assignments were made. The degree of dopant inclusion was ascertained by AAS. The TGA-DTA studies showed the thermal properties of the crystals.     

Synthesis of Benzo[c]thiophene Analogs Containing Benzimidazole,Benzothiazole, and Oxazole

Iodine-mediated cyclization of benzo[c]thiophene aldehyde with 1,2-diphenylamine/2-aminophenylthiol led to the formation of benzimidazole/benzothiazole-incorporated benzo[c]thiophenes. Similarly, reaction of benzo[c]thiophene aldehyde with p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TOSMIC) reagent in the presence of K₂CO₃ as a base furnished oxazole-containing benzo[c]thiophene analogs.     

Efficient Synthesis for a Wide Variety of Patellamide Derivatives and Phosphatase Activity of Copper-Patellamide Complexes

Copper complexes of patellamides have shown catalytic activity in a variety of reactions but their biological function remains unknown. There are significant differences between the natural macrocycles and synthetic analogues in the various catalytic activities. It therefore is essential to be able to perform in vivo and ex vivo reference measurements with the natural patellamide macrocycles, very similar derivatives and a large range of synthetic analogues. The preparative method described allows for a highly adaptable synthetic process producing building blocks for a large range of patellamide derivatives: apart from natural compounds, a new synthetic patellamide was prepared that does not have any substituents at any of the four heterocycles. Together with the variation of substituents at the aliphatic backbone, this allowed to elucidate the catalytic activity for phosphoester hydrolysis as a function of the structure and dynamics of the dicopper(II)-patellamide complexes, both by experiment and DFT-based mechanistic studies.     

Dense energetic compounds of C,H, N,and O atoms. III. 5-[4-nitro-(1,2,5)oxadiazolyl]-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c][1,2,5]oxadiazole

Diazidoazofurazan 8 was obtained from the bis-diazonium salt of diaminoazofurazan 7 by treatment with sodium azide and underwent thermolysis to 5-[4-azido-(1,2,5)oxadiazolyl]-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c][1,2,5] oxadiazole 5 . The corresponding amine 13 was obtained from the azide 5 by reduction with stannous chloride and was oxidized by ammonium persulfate to 5-[4-nitro-(1,2,5)oxadiazolyl]-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1 . The azide 5 was converted to a phosphinimine 9 in a reaction with triphenylphosphine.     

Equipment Selection Problems in Just-in-Time Manufacturing Systems

This paper is concerned with the development of a mathematical model for solving the problem of equipment selection in just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing systems. Equipment selection issues are important, particularly during the initial stages of implementing JIT. In this paper a mathematical model is proposed for capacity planning and for selecting equipment in a multi-stage JIT production system. An example situation is considered to explain the application and behaviour of the model.     

Influence of rare earth ions on CO oxidation over Ln2NiO4 oxides (Ln=La, Pr or Nd)

CO oxidation was studied over Ln₂NiO₄ compounds in an all-glass static recirculatory system. The reactions were performed at an initial total pressure of 50±2 Torr, in the temperature interval 340–450°C. The apparent activation energy was found to decrease from La to Nd. A correlation between activity and binding energy of oxygen in the compound as well as with the tolerance factor is observed. The role of rare earth ions in these catalysts is discussed.

---

CO Ln₂NiO₄ , . 50±2 340–450°C. La Nd. , . .

     

On the impact of infrequent trading on the APT systematic risk components — Evidence from a thin security market

The purpose of this note is to analyze the effects of infrequent trading on the APT systematic risk components using Finnish data. Infrequent trading is reported to influence especially the first systematic risk component produced by factor analysis on stock returns.