废旧塑料回收利用技术的现状及发展趋势

本文详细综述了从３０年代到现在国内外废旧塑料再生利用技术发展的过程及近几年废塑料回收最新技术,对未来废旧塑料回收利用技术的发展趋势进行了预测     

含长丙烯序列无规乙丙共聚物的合成与表征

用δ-TiCl₃-Et₂AlCl催化剂,以庚烷作溶剂,在单体C₃含量>60mol%的情况下,乙丙常压共聚可得到含长丙烯序列无规乙丙共聚物(LP-EPR)。其特性粘数〔η〕在2—3dl/g之间。影响〔η〕的主要因素是〔Al〕/〔Ti〕比、聚合温度和时间。共聚物的组成主要依赖单体C₃含量。通过庚烷萃取、红外、扭摆、x-射线衍射及相差显微镜等方法证明,在共聚物的无规乙丙分子链中含有全同聚丙烯(PP)序列,序列含量直接影响共聚物的结晶度、强度和硬度。     

环戊烯开环聚合中的高效活化剂——多卤代苯酚

本文研究了苯酚、卤代苯酚和多卤代苯酚对 WCl_6-i-Bu_3Al 催化体系在环戊烯开环聚合中的活化效果。实验结果表明:(1)在苯环上至少有两个取代的氯原子的苯酚在芳烃中才能具有高活化作用;在烷烃中至少要有三个取代的氯原子的苯酚,如2,4,6-三氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚和五氯苯酚,其活化效果才更显著。(2)在无活化剂或活化效果较差的苯酚和一溴苯酚存在下,溶剂效应次序:氯苯>甲苯(苯)>加氢汽油(庚烷、环已烷);在活化效果高的多卤代苯酚存在下,溶剂效应不显现。(3)比较了三种卤代烷基铝的助催化效果,其助催化活性次序:Et_2AlI>Et_2AlCl>Et_2AlBr。(4)双烯烃对环戊烯开环聚合有一定的调聚作用。在实验条件下聚合物反式链节含量没有明显改变。     

大鼠体内复方清开灵代谢物的分析

建立了复方中药清开灵代谢物的液相色谱-质谱/质谱分析方法。采用Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸(A)及V(甲醇)∶和V(乙腈)=4∶1混合液(B)作流动相,采用梯度洗脱(0 min,B为0%;33min,B为60%;66 min,B为88%;75 min,B为100%),流速:0.5 mL/min,离子阱质谱负离子模式进行检测。通过差谱方法对可能的代谢物进行快速搜索。对发现的重要的代谢物根据分子量以及多级质谱的碎片离子数据,结合体内代谢反应规律,进行指认和结构鉴定。共鉴定了3个主要的代谢物,其中一个为黄芩苷的代谢物,另两个为绿原酸的代谢物,后两个代谢物未见文献报道。本实验为研究复方中药复杂体系体内的代谢产物提供了一个有效而且快捷的模式。     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas over Hexaaluminates LaMAl11O19-δ catalysts

A series of M-substituted hexaaluminates LaMAl11O19-δ (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu)were prepared and characterized by XRD, XPS, TPR and TGA techniques, respectively. They exhibited different reducibility and catalytic activity for partial oxidation of methane (POM) to synthesis gas. Among the LaMAl11O19-δ samples, LaNiAl11O19-δ showed the best catalytic activity for the topic reaction and selectivity for synthesis gas at 780 ℃ for 2 h. The conversion of CH4 was over 99.2%, and the product selectivity for both CO and H2 was above 90.3%.     

NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3熔盐体系中下阴极电解金属钕研究

设计了下阴极结构的稀土金属电解槽,该电解槽底部以钨材料为容器兼阴极,上部悬挂多块石墨作阳极,在NdF3·LiF-Nd2O3体系中,探索研究了液态下阴极电解制备金属钕的工艺技术条件.研究表明,在槽温990～1020℃,阴极电流密度1～3 A·cm-2.槽电压5.6 V条件下,电解可平稳进行,电流效率达65.64%,稀土回收率达88%～92%;该工艺与目前主流上插阴极电解工艺相比,其电解温度和槽电压明显降低,降低了电耗.     

A study of the interaction between enantiomers of zolmitriptan and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis

The enantioresolution of zolmitriptan was performed using cyclodextrin (CD)-modified capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD) as the chiral selector. The influence of experimental conditions on the enantioseparation of zolmitriptan, such as pH, temperature, applied voltage, and concentrations of running electrolyte and CD, was systematically investigated, obtaining a baseline separation of two enantiomers by the use of a 25 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (SDPH) running electrolyte (pH 2.4) containing 30 mM HP-β-CD at 15 °C. Binding constants for each enantiomer–HP-β-CD pair at different temperatures, as well as thermodynamic parameters for binding, were calculated. A nonlinear van’t Hoff plot was obtained, indicating that the thermodynamic parameters of complexation were temperature-dependent for zolmitriptan enantiomers. The significant contribution of the enthalpy difference to the Gibbs free energy change suggested a stereomeric barrier mechanism for chiral recognition. Figure Resolution of zolmitriptan enantiomers was achieved by using CD-modified CZE Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Study on colon-specific 5-Fu pH-enzyme Di-dependent chitosan microspheres

Colon-specific drug delivery systems (CDDS) can improve the bioavailability of drug through the oral route. A novel formulation for oral administration using pH-enzyme Di-dependent chitosan mcirospheres (MS) and 5-Fu as a model drug has been investigated for colon-specific drug delivery by the emulsification/chemical cross-linking and coating technique, respectively. The influence of polymer concentration, ratio of drug to polymer, the amount of crosslinking agent and the stirring speed on the encapsulation efficiency, particle size in microspheres were evaluated. The best formulation was optimized by an orthogonal design. Drug release studies under conditions mimicking stomach to colon transit have shown that the drug was protected from being released in the physiological environment of the stomach and small intestine. The plasma concentrations of 5-Fu after oral administration of coated chitosan MS to rats were determined and compared with that of 5-Fu solution. The in vivo pharmacokinetics study of 5-Fu loaded pH-enzyme Di-dependent chitosan MS showed sustained plasma 5-Fu concentration-time profile. The in vitro release correlated well with the pharmacokinetics profile. The results clearly demonstrated that the pH-enzyme Di-dependent chitosan MS is potential system for colon-specific drug delivery of 5-Fu.     

Study of a Monod–Haldene type food chain chemostat with pulsed substrate

In this paper, we introduce and study a model of a Monod–Haldene type food chain chemostat with pulsed substrate. We investigate the subsystem with substrate and prey and study the stability of the periodic solutions, which are the boundary periodic solutions of the system. The stability analysis of the boundary periodic solution yields an invasion threshold. By use of standard techniques of bifurcation theory, we prove that above this threshold there are periodic oscillations in substrate, prey, and predator. Simple cycles may give way to chaos in a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations. Furthermore, by comparing bifurcation diagrams with different bifurcation parameters, we can see that the impulsive system shows two kinds of bifurcations, whose are period-doubling and period-halfing.     

顶空气相色谱法测定杏脯中二氧化硫

建立顶空气相色谱测定杏脯中二氧化硫残留的方法,探讨了气液体积比、加酸量、平衡温度和平衡时间对检测结果的影响。向450 mL顶空瓶内加入5 g样品、10 g石蜡、200 mL水及25 mL盐酸溶液,于75℃平衡20 min后放至室温,抽取0.5 mL顶空气体进行定性定量分析检测。该方法标准工作曲线线性相关系数r~2为0.992,检出限和定量限分别为0.1,1.0 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.2%(n=6),样品加标回收率为89.4%~94.3%。该法操作简便、快捷,灵敏度高,人为误差小,满足杏脯中二氧化硫残留的批量检测要求。