Long cycles in abc-permutations

An abc-permutation is a permutation σ _abc ∈S _n obtained by exchanging an initial block of length a and a final block of length c of {1,…,n}, where n=a+b+c. In this note we compute the limit of the probability that a random abc-permutation is a long cycle. This resolves Arnold’s open problem (Arnold in Arnold’s problems, 2004, p. 144).      

The role played by an iodine-containing promoter in the formation of active polycrystalline silver catalyst surface

The programmed temperature desorption method was used to study the interaction of oxygen with the surface of a polycrystalline silver catalyst promoted with iodine. Ethyl iodide almost did not interact with the unoxidized surface of silver. The adsorption of C₂H₅I on the oxidized catalyst surface resulted in the formation of two adsorbed iodine forms, silver iodide and iodine deeply dissolved in subsurface silver crystal lattice layers. The character of oxygen adsorption from the iodine-containing surface of the catalyst was determined by the amount and form of adsorbed iodine. In the presence of a iodine-containing promoter, the concentration of oxide-like oxygen sharply decreased, and the amount of strongly bound atomically adsorbed oxygen responsible for the selective transformation of ethylene glycol into glyoxal increased.     

The conversion of wettability in transparent conducting Al-doped ZnO thin film

We report on the systematic changes of surface wettability in one of the most promising transparent conducting oxide materials, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films. It was revealed that the characteristic surface wettability, which would make a key role in adhesion with other layers of optoelectronic device, can be largely changed by Al concentrations and film growth temperature. Keeping the electrical conductivity constant, the water contact angle (WCA) of a 2 mol% AZO film was changed by about 50 ^°C depending on the surface roughness. In the samples grown at 300 ^°C, the roughness enhancement was large and a hydrophobic surface formed, whereas in the samples grown at 500 ^°C a hydrophilic surface formed. We attributed the variation in surface wettability with growth temperature to changes in surface morphology. This result suggests that 2 mol% Al doping concentration can be considered as a critical concentration in changing of surface morphology of AZO as well as in electrical properties.     

Recent results from PHOBOS on particle production at high p T

A selection of experimental results from the PHOBOS Collaboration relevant for probing high-energy nuclear collisions with high transverse momentum particles is presented. The inclusive yields of charged particles and comparisons between nuclear and elementary collisions already reveal a large amount of parton energy loss in the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions. Remarkable scaling and factorization features are observed, unifying the data taken at various collision energies, centralities and nuclear sizes. To further analyze the nature of the energy loss, a measurement of pseudorapidity (Δη) and azimuthal angle (Δφ) correlations between high transverse momentum charged hadrons (p _T >2.5 GeV/c) and all associated charged particles is presented at both short-range (small Δη) and long-range (large Δη) over a continuous detector acceptance covering −4<Δη<2. Various near- and away-side features of the correlation structure are discussed as a function of centrality in Au + Au collisions at  GeV. The results provide new information about the longitudinal (Δη) extent of the near-side ‘ridge’ structure, first observed by the STAR Collaboration over a narrower η range. In central Au + Au collisions the ridge structure extends to at least Δη=4, and its strength completely diminishes as collisions become more peripheral. Presenter of the paper on the 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions, 8–14 June 2008, Illa da Toxa (Galicia-Spain).     

What Is the Mechanism Driving the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events from Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists?—A Mini Review

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are considered the standard of care for type 2 diabetes in many countries worldwide. These molecules have profound anti-hyperglycaemic actions with a favourable safety profile. They are now being considered for their robust cardiovascular (CV) protective qualities in diabetic patients. Most recent CV outcome trials have reported that GLP-1 RAs reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Furthermore, the GLP-1 RAs seem to target the atherosclerotic CV disease processes preferentially. GLP-1 RAs also improve a wide range of routinely measured surrogate markers associated with CV risk. However, mediation analysis suggests these modest improvements may contribute indirectly to the overall anti-atherogenic profile of the molecules but fall short in accounting for the significant reduction in MACE. This review explores the body of literature to understand the possible mechanisms that contribute to the CV protective profile of GLP-1 RAs.     

LOW-LYING SPECTRA AND E2 TRANSITION RATES IN EVEN--EVEN Pd ISOTOPES IN THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL

The positive parity collective states in the even-even ¹⁰⁰Pd-¹¹⁶Pd isotopes are studied in the framework of the interacting boson model. A schematic Hamiltonian capable of describing their spectra and transition is used. It is found that the spectra can be well described by a U(5) plus SU(3) perturbation interaction. As the valence neutron number changes, the structure of the isotopes shows regular patterns of change. In the meantime, the behaviour of 0⁺₂ can also be partially described by the model.     

金融市场中经纪人相互竞争和适应性行为的物理模型

金融物理中的争当少数者博奕模型,是一个用来模拟金融市场动力学行为的最简单的模型,可以尝试利用它来对实际金融市场中许多现象提供物理的理解.文章介绍了关于金融物理的争当少数者博奕模型的一些主要研究结果和若干最新的发展方向.     

Elastodynamics and Elastostatics by a Unified Method of Potentials for x 3-Convex Domains

A new general solution in terms of two scalar potential functions for classical elastodynamics of x ₃-convex domains is presented. Through the establishment and usage of a set of basic mathematical lemmas, a demonstration of its connection to Kovalevshi–Iacovache–Somigliana elastodynamic solution, and thus its completeness, is realized with the aid of the theory of repeated wave equations and Boggio’s theorem. With the time dependence of the potentials suppressed, the new decomposition can, unlike Lamé’s, degenerate to a complete solution for elastostatic problems.      

Existence of non‐resolvable Steiner triple systems

We consider two well‐known constructions for Steiner triple systems. The first construction is recursive and uses an STS(v) to produce a non‐resolvable STS(2v + 1), for v ≡ 1 (mod 6). The other construction is the Wilson construction that we specify to give a non‐resolvable STS(v), for v ≡ 3 (mod 6), v > 9. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 13: 16–24, 2005.