The Bers-Greenberg Theorem and the Maskit Embedding for Teichmuller Spaces

The Bers–Greenberg theorem tells us that the Teichmüllerspace of a Riemann surface with branch points (orbifold) dependsonly on the genus and the number of special points, and noton the particular ramification values. On the other hand, theMaskit embedding provides a mapping from the Teichmüllerspace of an orbifold, into the product of one-dimensional Teichmüllerspaces. In this paper we prove that there is a set of isomorphismsbetween one-dimensional Teichmüller spaces that, when restrictedto the image of the Teichmüller space of an orbifold underthe Maskit embedding, provides the Bers–Greenberg isomorphism.     

Molecular and crystal structure of 1,4-diacethoxy naphthalene: Structural analysis of methyl substituted 1,4-diacethoxynaphthalenes

Methyl substituted 1,4-diacethoxynaphthalenes have been synthetized and analyzed by means of ultraviolet and¹H-nmr. Positional effects of the methyl substitution on the spectroscopic parameters have been rationalized. 6,7-Dimethyl-1,4-diacethoxynaphthalene,V, has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystals are monoclinic P2₁,a=8.816(1),b=26.676(7),c=6.189(1) Å,=103.9 (2) ° and four molecules in the unit cell.     

Triangle Distribution and Equation of State for Classical Rigid Disks

The triangle distribution function f ⁽³⁾ for three mutual near neighbors in the plane describes basic aspects of short-range order and statistical thermodynamics in two-dimensional many-particle systems. This paper examines prospects for constructing a self-consistent calculation for the rigid-disk-system f ⁽³⁾. We present several identities obeyed by f ⁽³⁾. A rudimentary closure suggested by scaled-particle theory is introduced. In conjunction with three of the basic identities, this closure leads to an unique f ⁽³⁾ over the entire density range. The pressure equation of state exhibits qualitatively correct behaviors in both the low-density and the close-packed limits, but no intervening phase transition appears. We discuss extensions to improved disk closures, and to the three-dimensional rigid-sphere system.     

X-ray photoelectron spectra of ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines

Summary The Ru 3d_5/2 and 3p_3/2 x-ray photoelectron spectra of mono-and non-chlorinated ruthenium phthalocyanines were measured and the collected data on the core-level binding energies of ruthenium have been used to assess the oxidation state of the metal and the composition of the macrocyclic ligands.     

The interaction of electrolytes with non-ionic surfactant micelles

The effect of NaCl and HCl on two non-ionic surfactant micelles was studied using several techniques, including conductivity and ion-selective electrodes. Both surfactants exhibit opposite behaviour. When Tween 20 is titrated with HCl the conductivity notably increases in comparison with water, whereas that of Triton X-100 solutions do not change with respect to water until a certain HCl concentration is reached, when it increases. The hydrogen ion activity is lower in Triton X-100 solutions and higher in Tween 20 solutions than in pure water. Chloride ion activity is higher in Tween 20 solutions than in water, whereas in Triton X-100 the activity does not significantly differ from that in water. The activity of sodium ion is lower in Tween 20 solutions than in water, whereas that in Triton X-100 solutions does not differ from the titration of water. These phenomena are explained by the changes in conformation of the non-ionic headgroups, which capture water, and in some cases ions, modifying the activity of ions in the intermicellar solution.     

High-resolution elastic and rotationally inelastic diffraction of D2 from NiAl(110)

High-resolution angular distributions of D(2) scattered from NiAl(110) have been measured at incident energies between 20 and 150 meV. The measurements were performed along the [110] azimuth using a high sensitivity time-of-flight apparatus, which allows the recording of diffraction channels not previously studied, including out-of-plane rotationally inelastic diffraction peaks. The attenuation of both elastic and rotationally inelastic diffraction intensities with surface temperature was found to follow a Debye-Waller model. The time-of-flight data analysis allowed us to assign unequivocally the different transition probabilities to each final state. In this way, 0→2, 2→0, and 1→3 transition probabilities were observed, covering relative intensities over two orders of magnitude. In the energy range investigated, the 0→2 transition was found to be a factor of 2-3 larger than the 2→0 one, which lies a factor of 10 above the 1→3 transition probability.     

On the enthalpy of formation of thiophene

Thiophene is an important contaminant of petroleum-derived fuels, and it also plays an important role in molecular electronics. We have calculated the enthalpy of formation of thiophene employing the CCSD(T) methodology and the cc-pV(X + d)Z X = T,Q,5 basis sets. At the CCSD(T)/CBS limit and including corrections for scalar relativistic effects, anharmonic effects, spin–orbit and core-valence correlation effects, the estimated enthalpy of formation is 25.15 _-1 ^+0.5  kcal/mol. Our estimation is 2.3 kcal/mol lower than the experimental value. The discrepancies between experiment and theory are expected to be increased if higher-order correlation effects are taken into account. Thus, a new determination of the experimental value is highly recommended. Finally, we discuss the problems faced to make this estimation, in particular the determination of accurate Zero-point energy corrections and the evaluation of core-valence correlation effects.     

Integration of Lateral Filter Arrays with Immunoaffinity for Circulating‐Tumor‐Cell Isolation

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important biomarker for cancer prognosis and treatment monitoring. However, the heterogeneity of the physical and biological properties of CTCs limits the efficiency of various approaches used to isolate small numbers of CTCs from billions of normal blood cells. To address this challenge, we developed a lateral filter array microfluidic (LFAM) device to integrate size‐based separation with immunoaffinity‐based CTC isolation. The LFAM device consists of a serpentine main channel, through which most of a sample passes, and an array of lateral filters for CTC isolation. The unique device design produces a two‐dimensional flow, which reduces nonspecific, geometric capture of normal cells as typically observed in vertical filters. The LFAM device was further functionalized by immobilizing antibodies that are specific to the target cells. The resulting devices captured pancreatic cancer cells spiked in blood samples with (98.7±1.2) % efficiency and were used to isolate CTCs from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.     

Photo‐Organocatalytic Enantioselective Radical Cascade Reactions of Unactivated Olefins

Radical cascade processes are invaluable for their ability to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from simple substrates. However, implementing catalytic asymmetric variants is difficult. Reported herein is a visible‐light‐mediated organocatalytic strategy that exploits the excited‐state reactivity of chiral iminium ions to trigger radical cascade reactions with high enantioselectivity. By combining two sequential radical‐based bond‐forming events, the method converts unactivated olefins and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes into chiral adducts in a single step. The implementation of an asymmetric three‐component radical cascade further demonstrates the complexity‐generating power of this photochemical strategy.