Modification of GaAs by medium-energy N<Stack><Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>+</Superscript></Stack> ions

The modification of GaAs with a 2500-eV beam containing N ₂ ⁺ and Ar⁺ ions is examined with Auger electron spectroscopy. Most implanted nitrogen atoms are found to react with the matrix, substituting arsenic atoms to produce a several-nanometer-thick layer of the single-phase GaAs_1−x N_x (x=6%) solid solution. The GaN phase is absent. Displaced arsenic atoms and nitrogen atoms unreacted with the matrix are present in the layer and on its surface. The former segregate, whereas the latter form molecules.     

Thickness decrease of a grafted polyelectrolyte membrane exposed to shear flow

The effect of the shear flow on the thickness change of a polyelectrolyte membrane grafted onto a glass substrate was directly investigated with a flow cell combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The membrane thickness decreased proportionally to an increase in the shear stress of the flow when the shear rate exceeded a critical value of 1 s^?1. The higher the ionic strength was of the fluid, the greater the thinning effect was. The correlation between the critical shear rate and the relaxation of the polymer in the gel membrane was examined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2808–2815, 2003     

Limit Regimes of Braking of Disc-Type Composite Flywheels Made by Filament Winding

A set of invariants describing the limit regimes of braking disk-type wound composite flywheels is suggested. The limit regime is determined by using a linear failure criterion. It is shown that, for generating short-time impulses of very high power, a set of small identical flywheels is more effective than one large flywheel with an equivalent mass. Particular examples illustrating the theory considered are discussed.     

Variation Preserving Extensions and Generalized Essential Variation

A mapping from a subset of the real axis to a metric space with finite generalized variation is shown to admit extension to a mapping of the whole real axis with the same variation. This result leads to characterization of the generalized essential variation of a mapping.     

SCDA for 3D lattice gases with repulsive interaction

The selfconsistent diagram approximation (SCDA) is generalized for three-dimensional lattice gases with nearest neighbor repulsive interactions. The free energy is represented in a closed form through elementary functions. Thermodynamical (phase diagrams, chemical potential and mean square fluctuations), structural (order parameter, distribution functions) as well as diffusional characteristics are investigated. The calculation results are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation data to demonstrate high precision of the SCDA in reproducing the equilibrium lattice gas characteristics. It is shown that similarly to two-dimensional systems the specific statistical memory effects strongly influence the lattice gas diffusion in the ordered states. Received 7 August 2002 / Received in final form 22 January 2003 Published online 24 April 2003     

Internal segregation of nanoparticles irradiated by laser radiation

The effect of the removal of zinc from brass nanoparticles has been experimentally discovered upon irradiating their suspension in ethanol by laser radiation. The analysis of the absorption spectra of nanoparticles shows that brass nanoparticles are transformed to copper nanoparticles during irradiation. The results are interpreted in terms of the high-pressure-induced modification of the phase diagram of nanoparticles. This pressure is caused by, first, the small radius of nanoparticles and, second, the pressure of the surrounding-liquid vapors upon the laser heating of nanoparticles.     

Growth of Sb-Bi gradient single crystals

The growth conditions and structural quality of Sb-Bi gradient single crystals with Bi content from 2 to 18 at %, grown by the Czochralski method with solid phase feed, are investigated. Bi distribution in the crystals along their pulling direction are studied by electron probe microanalysis and the change in the interplanar spacing is analyzed by double-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is established that the pulling rate and feed mass affect the Bi distribution in Sb-Bi single crystals.