A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the electro-oxidation of purines : Uric Acid and the Nucleotide Drug Tubercidin-5′-Monophosphate

A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described for establishing the completeness of electro-oxidation of a purine nucleotide drug tubercidin-5′-monophosphate (TMP) and the sequence of product formation. The assay shows that TMP was completely oxidized after ca. 2 h of electrolysis and that the product distribution continued to change after this time. The same assay was also used to show the sequence of product formation in the electro-oxidation of uric acid. Both separations were isocratic, with a 0.02 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 4.6–5.1) mobile phase.     

Investigations in the fie ld of substituted furanurona ldehydes steric directivity of the nitromethane condensation

Summary 1. The condensation of the anomeric methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-D-xylofuranosiduronaldehydes with nitromethane has been studied.2. It has been shown that the position of the substituent at the glycosidic center has an influence on the steric directivity of this reaction.3. The structure of the 6-nitro-6-deoxyhexofuranosides synthesized has been confirmed by their conversion into known derivatives of methyl D-glucofuranosides.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 8–12, January–February, 1972.     

Reactions of dithiocarbamic acids derived from alkaloids, morpholine, and piperidine with acrylic acid and its derivatices

-(Thiocarbamoylthio)propionic acids derived from alkaloids, morpholine, and piperidine and their esters, amides, and nitriles were prepared by reactions of the corresponding dithiocarbamic acids with acrylic acid and its derivatives. Some of the compounds were tested for insecticidal activity.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 8, 2004, pp. 1336–1339.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Zhivotova, Gazaliev, Ibraev, Fazylov, Kasenov.     

Regioselective hydroborations of methylvinylchlorosilanes

The regioselectivity of the hydroboration of the methylchlorovinylsilanes, Cl_nMe_3?nSiCHCH₂ (n= 0 ? 3), has been investigated using BH₃←THF, 9-BBN, disiamyl- and dicyclohexylborane. Methylation of the adducts with methylmagnesium bromide is complicated by formation of tetraalkylboronates. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation of the boronates gives reasonable yields of the corresponding α- and β-trimethylsilylethanols forn= 0 and 1. Forn= 2 and 3, conversion of the adducts to the corresponding α- and β- deuteroethylsilanes by treatment with excess sodium methoxide in methanol-0-d provides a more effective means of derivatization. Addition of the alkenes,n= 2 or 3, to excess BH₃←THF givesca. 90% of the α-boro-organo-chlorosilanes. For all of the alkenes, the dialkylboranes giveca. 80% of the β-boron adducts.     

Ab initio study of the inversion barrier in NF3+

Ab initio Hartree–Fock, Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP 2), and quadratic configuration interaction, using single and double substitutions (QCISD ), calculations were carried out for the NF₃⁺ ion. Optimized structures were examined at the various levels of theory. Calculation of the inversion barrier height shows the importance of optimizing the geometry at the post-Hartree–Fock level and the inclusion of polarization functions. The best calculated inversion barrier was 13.3 kcal/mol, compared to an experimental value of 17.3 kcal/mol. The dissociation transition state was computed to determine the well depth of the NF₃⁺ ion and its stability toward dissociation. The computed well depth was 28 and 48 kcal/mol at the SCF and MP 2 levels, respectively. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimization of the process of extracting amylolytic enzymes from the technical product “Amilorizin-Px”

Summary 1. The influence of the main factors on the process of extracting amylolytic enzymes from the raw material Amilorizin-P_x has been studied.2. The optimum conditions for performing the extraction, leading to a preparation corresponding to the requirements of the appropriate Provisional Pharmacopoeial Article have been selected.Kharkov Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 62–66, January–February, 1979.     

Effect of additives on the amination of 2-oxoglutaric acid by gamma-radiation

The effect of added substances was studied on the yield of glutamic acid produced by gamma-ray irradiation of 2-oxoglutaric acid and ammonia in aqueous solution. The contents of amino acids in the irradiated solutions were determined with amino acids analyzer. Sodium nitrate, allyl alcohol or sodium formate was used as an added substance. The yield of glutamic acid significantly decreased by the addition of nitrate, and it was little affected by the addition of allyl alcohol. In the presence of formate the yield increased from G = 0.4 (2-oxoglutaric acid 0.05M and ammonium hydroxide 2M) to G = 1.1. As a result, it was found that hydrated electron contributes on the formation of glutamic acid, but hydroxyl radical does not. The yield showed a maximum at ca. 0.1 M ammonium hydroxide concentration. These facts indicate that NH2 radical does not contribute to the formation of glutamic acid. As a reaction mechanism, it can be explained that 2-oxoglutaric acid which had been reduced by hydrated electron reacts with ammonia.     

The ellipsoid algorithm as a method for the determination of polypeptide conformations from experimental distance constraints and energy minimization

A new method for constrained nonlinear optimization known as the ellipsoid algorithm is evaluated as a means of determining and refining the conformations of peptides. Advantages of the ellipsoid algorithm over conventional optimization methods include that it avoids many local minima that other methods would be trapped by, and that it is sometimes able to find optimum solutions in which the constraints are satisfied exactly. The dihedral angles about single bonds were used as variables to keep the dimensionality low (the rate of convergence decreases rapidly with increasing dimensionality of the problem). The method is evaluated on problems involving distance constraints, and for minimization of conformational energy functions. In an initial application, conformations consistent with an experimental set of NMR distance constraints were obtained in a problem involving 48 variable dihedral angles.     

Time-weighted average sampling of airborne n-valeraldehyde by a solid-phase microextration device

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) device was used as a time-weighted average sampler for n-valeraldehyde. The SPME device was first modified to improve the wearer's acceptance as a passive sampler. Then a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-divinylbenzene fiber was used and O-2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) was loaded onto the fiber. Vapors of known concentrations around the threshold limit values time-weighted average of n-valeraldehyde and specific relative humidities (RHs) were generated by syringe pumps in a dynamic generation system. n-Valeraldehyde vapors in gas bags were also generated. An exposure chamber was designed to allow measurement of face velocities, temperatures, exposing vapor concentrations, and RHs. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used for sample analysis. The appropriate adsorption time for SPME coating PFBHA was determined to be 2 min and the desorption time for oxime formed after sampling was optimized to be 2 min. The experimental sampling constant was found to be (3.86+/-0.13) x 10(-2) cm3/min and face velocity was not expect to have effect on the sampler.     

Reactions de redistribution avec des molecules dinucleaires fluorees et chlorees. Mise en evidence d'un heterocomplexe contenant du molybdene et du tungstene en equilibre avec les molecules dinucleaires symetriques

Redistribution reactions have been undertaken in dinuclear ions with μ-oxalato group. The fluoro-chloro species appear in solution.The accumulation of fluoride on tungsten atoms is always favored, whereas chlorine redistributes essentially on molybdenum, there is a preferential affinity of fluorine for tungsten.In solution a slow dynamic exchange is observed to occur between the two symetrical fluorospecies, the formation of the F₂O₂W(C₂O₄)Mo0₂F₂^2- heterofluoroanion is reported.