Simulating the dynamic behavior of planetary gearbox based on improved Hanning function

Planetary gearboxes are widely used in industrial machines. They usually work in harsh environments giving rise to damages and high maintenance costs. Condition monitoring is a key action allowing one to detect the presence of such damage ensuring healthy running conditions. The knowledge of the dynamic behavior of such a gearbox can be achieved using modeling tools as a primary step before conditioning the monitoring subject. In addition, modeling a gear set can help in the stage of design in order to optimize physical and geometric parameters of the system. Therefore, in this work, a two-dimensional lumped parameter model is adopted to build all vibration sources. The time-varying mesh stiffness is approximated as a square wave form. A novel mathematical formulation is proposed to model the amplitude modulation phenomenon due to the rotational motion of the planets around the center of the gearbox. Finally, the overall vibration signal is concluded as a summation of all vibration components influenced by the modulation function.     

Synthesis and characterization studies of 3-formyl chromone Schiff base complexes and their application as antitumor,antioxidant and antimicrobial

A novel Schiff base namely (E)-3-((2,6-dihydroxypyrimidin-4-ylimino)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and its Co (II), N (II)i, Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes have been synthesized and proved by elemental analysis, molar conductance, thermal analysis (TGA), Inductive Coupled plasma (ICP), magnetic moment measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, IR, EI-mass,¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR,UV–Vis. and ESR spectral studies. On the basis of these data, it is evident that the Schiff base acts as bidentate via oxygen atom of carbonyl group and azomethine nitrogen atom for Co (II) complex; monobasic bidentate ligand for Ni (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes via oxygen atom of hydroxyl group and nitrogen atom of pyrimidine ring. The results showed all complexes have octahedral geometry. The average particle size of the ligand and its complexes were found to be 1.010–0.343 nm. The pharmacological action (antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer) of the prepared compounds is studied. The antitumor activity of the ligand and its metal complexes is evaluated against human liver carcinoma (HEPG2) cell. The data displayed the Co (II) complexes strong cytotoxicity where IC₅₀ values of Co (II) complex and 5-fluorouracil (stander drug) are 9.33 and 7.86 μg/ml respectively. The Co (II) and Cd (II) complexes have antibacterial activity more than ampicillin (stander drug). The interaction of the synthesized compounds with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been performed via absorption spectra and viscosity technique. The DNA- binding constants have been determined.     

Thermodynamic reassessment of the Al–Zr binary system

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Based on the data of the literature reports, the Al–Zr binary system has been re-assessed thermodynamically through the CALPHAD (CALculations of...     

Preparation,characterization and heterogeneous catalytic applications of GO/Fe3O4/HPW nanocomposite in chemoselective and green oxidation of alcohols with aqueous H2O2

Graphene oxide ‐ Fe₃O₄ ‐ NH₃⁺H₂PW₁₂O₄₀ ^‐ magnetic nanocomposite (GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW) was prepared by linking amino ‐ functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ ‐ NH₂) on the graphene oxide (GO), and then grafting 12 ‐ tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) on the graphene oxide ‐ magnetite hybrid (GO ‐ Fe₃O₄ ‐ NH₂). The obtained GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW nanocomposite was well characterized with different techniques such as FT ‐ IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, TGA ‐ DTA, AGFM, ICP and BET measurements. The used techniques showed that the graphene oxide layers were well prepared and the various stages of preparation of the GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW nanocomposites successfully completed. This new nanocomposite displayed excellent performance as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation of alcohols with H₂O₂. The as ‐ prepared GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW catalyst was more stable and recyclable at least five times without significantly reducing its catalytic activity.     

A non-overlapping domain decomposition dual reciprocity method for solving the forward–backward heat equation in two-dimension

We apply a boundary element dual reciprocity method (DRBEM) to the numerical solution of the forward–backward heat equation in a two-dimensional case. The method is employed for the spatial variable via the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation and the Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme is utilized to treat the time variable. The physical domain is divided into two non-overlapping subdomains resulting in two standard forward and backward parabolic equations. The subproblems are then treated by the underlying method assuming a virtual boundary in the interface and starting with an initial approximate solution on this boundary followed by updating the solution by an iterative procedure. In addition, we show that the time discrete scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent using the energy method. Furthermore, some computational aspects will be suggested to efficiently deal with the formulation of the proposed method. Finally, two forward–backward problems, for which the exact solution is available, will be numerically solved for two different domains to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

Symmetric marching technique for the poisson equation. I. Dirichlet boundary conditions

The symmetric marching technique has been developed to solve the Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The method has been combined with a mesh refinement technique, which is used as an appropriate interpolation scheme to obtain a solution of the problem on finer grids. The effectiveness of the method has been demonstrated by solving some test examples.     

Unexpected dimerization of 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐methylenebarbituric acid revealed by a combined experimental and computational study

A comparison of experimental and calculated ¹³C‐nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts reveals the molecular structure of a dimer that was obtained by an unexpected dimerization of 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐methylenebarbituric acid. Furthermore, the puckering angle of the cyclobutane unit linking the six‐membered rings is discussed in detail. The influence of substituents on 1,3‐position of the cyclobutane ring on the puckering angle is demonstrated based on 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylcyclobutane. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Approximate and Exact Small Signal Analysis for Single-Mode Fiber Near Zero Dispersion Wavelength with Higher Order Dispersion

This article presents the comparison of approximate and exact small-signal theories for analyzing the influence of the higher-order dispersion terms on dispersive optical communication systems operating near zero dispersion wavelength for linear single-mode fiber. For the approximate theory, the generalized conversion matrix has been reported and gives the transfer function of intensity and phase from the fiber input to fiber output for a laser source including the influence of any higher-order dispersion term. In addition, expressions for the small-signal frequency response and the relative intensity noise (RIN) response of an ultrafast laser diode including noises are derived. However, it is observed that the approximation assumed for the second-order dispersion term for the approximate analysis is not valid. From the approximate theory, the exact generalized conversion matrix and exact expressions for small-signal frequency response and relative intensity noise (RIN) are obtained. We show that for the exact theory, the second-order dispersion term has no effect on intensity and frequency response even at large modulating frequencies and large propagation distances contrary to the approximate theory as reported by other authors. But we show that third-order dispersion term certainly has some minute impact on the frequency and RIN response for long distance links at high modulating frequencies.     

Determination of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos by cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry

The adsorption behavior and differential pulse cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CP) were investigated at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The pesticide was accumulated at the HMDE and a well-defined stripping peak was obtained at –1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl electrode at pH 7.50. A voltammetric procedure was developed for the trace determination of Chlorpyrifos using differential pulse cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DP-CASV). The optimum working conditions for the determination of the compound were established. The peak current was linear over the concentration range 9.90 × 10^–8– 5.96 × 10^–7 mol/L of Chlorpyrifos. The influence of diverse ions and some other pesticides was investigated. The analysis of Chlorpyrifos in commercial formulations and treated waste water was carried out satisfactorily Received: 10 July 1997 / Revised: 1 April 1998 / Accepted: 6 April 1998