全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3151篇 |
免费 | 50篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2140篇 |
晶体学 | 18篇 |
力学 | 26篇 |
数学 | 491篇 |
物理学 | 532篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 109篇 |
2012年 | 51篇 |
2011年 | 79篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 89篇 |
2006年 | 79篇 |
2005年 | 96篇 |
2004年 | 87篇 |
2003年 | 80篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 42篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 55篇 |
1987年 | 52篇 |
1986年 | 50篇 |
1985年 | 55篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 59篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 41篇 |
1979年 | 45篇 |
1978年 | 48篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 58篇 |
1975年 | 46篇 |
1974年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 25篇 |
1972年 | 21篇 |
1928年 | 28篇 |
1927年 | 21篇 |
1924年 | 29篇 |
1885年 | 30篇 |
1884年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有3207条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
We are interested in critical fields for ferromagnetic elements: At which strength of the external field does a branch of stationary magnetizations become unstable, and what is the unstable mode? We consider samples which are infinite in the direction of the external field and have a rectangular cross-section, of much smaller thickness than width, as an idealization of a thin film element. For this geometry Aharoni [Phys. Stat. Sol. 16, 3-42 (1966)] claims that there are only three different regimes: The unstable mode is either of coherent rotation type, of buckling type, or of curling type. We discover a large fourth parameter regime with an unstable mode displaying an oscillation in the infinite direction. We prove the existence of exactly four regimes by rigorously analyzing the scaling of the Rayleigh quotient of the Hessian of the energy functional. The parameters are the film width, the film thickness, and the exchange length. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
The energy of a disubstituted molecule has often been approximated by simple electrostatic formulas that represent the substituents as poles or dipoles. Herein, we test this approach on a new model system that is more direct and more efficient than testing on acid-base properties. The energies of 27 1,4-derivatives of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane were calculated within the framework of the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level; interaction of the two substituents was evaluated in terms of isodesmic homodesmotic reactions. This interaction energy, checked previously on some experimental gas-phase acidities, was considered to be accurate and served as reference to test the electrostatic approximation. This approximation works well in the qualitative sense as far as the sign and the order of magnitude are concerned: beginning with the strongest interaction between two poles, a weaker interaction between pole and dipole, and the weakest between two dipoles. However, all the electrostatic calculations yield energies that are too small, particularly for weak interaction, and this fundamental defect is not remedied by some possible improvements. In particular, variation of the effective permittivity would require a physically impossible value less than unity. The explanation must lie in a more complex distribution of electron density than anticipated in the electrostatic model. It also follows that possible conclusions about the transmission of substituent effects "through space" have little validity. 相似文献
16.
Loganin ( 1 ), loganic acid ( 2 ), and periclymenoside ( 3 ) have been isolated from Lonicera periclymenum L . The structure of the new compound 3 and the identity of the others have been determined by chemical transformations and interpretation of the spectral data. 相似文献
17.
Christian Huber Christian Krause Tobias Werner Otto S. Wolfbeis 《Mikrochimica acta》2003,142(4):245-253
This article describes the preparation and performance of an optical sensor for continuous measurement of chloride at extracellular (serum) levels (20–200mM). The sensor is based on dynamic quenching of the fluorescence of lucigenin which was photo-immobilized on a hydrogel. Quenching occurs via a collisional mechanism, and the decrease in fluorescence intensity on exposure to 100mM chloride typically is –60%. It allows the determination of chloride in the 1 to 200mM concentration range, with a precision of ±3mM at 120mM. Bromide, iodide and salicylate act as interferents, while the effect of pH and oxygen is negligibly small. The sensor displays strong fluorescence intensity, excellent reproducibility, long-term stability, response times in the order of 2–5min, and is used in a commercial serum and blood chloride analyzer.Received January 21, 2003; accepted April 6, 2003
Published online July 28, 2003 相似文献
18.
Isomer-selective infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra are obtained for the first time for protonated polyfunctional aromatic molecules isolated in the gas phase. IRPD spectra of the oxonium and fluoronium isomers of protonated para-fluorophenol (C6H6FO+) were separately obtained by monitoring resonant photo-induced H2O and HF loss, respectively. Analysis of the F-H, O-H, and C-H stretch wave numbers provides valuable spectroscopic information on the chemical properties of these reactive intermediates, in particular on the substitution effects of functional groups. 相似文献
19.
Arif Ahmet Baaran hsan ali Clemens Anklin Sansei Nishibe Otto Sticher 《Helvetica chimica acta》1988,71(6):1483-1490
A new phenlypropanoid glycoside has been isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Stachys lavandulifolia (Lamiaceae), lavandulifolioside (1) . On the basis of chemical and spectral data the structure of the new compound 1 has been elucidated as β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O-α-L -arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-caffeoyl-β-D -glucopyranoside. 相似文献
20.