Structure and effects of annealing in colloidal matrix‐free Ge quantum dots

The structure of small (2–5 nm) Ge quantum dots prepared by the colloidal synthesis route is examined. Samples were synthesized using either GeO₂ or GeCl₄ as precursor. As‐prepared samples were further annealed under Ar or H₂/Ar atmosphere at different temperatures in order to understand the effect of annealing on their structure. It was found that as‐prepared samples possess distinctly different structures depending on their synthesis route as indicated by their long‐range ordering. An appreciable amount of oxygen was found to be bound to Ge in samples prepared with GeO₂ as a precursor; however, not for GeCl₄. Based on combined transmission electron microscope, Raman, X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption measurements, it is suggested that as‐prepared samples are best described by the core‐shell model with a small nano‐crystalline core and an amorphous outer layer terminated either with oxygen or hydrogen depending on the synthesis route. Annealing in an H₂Ar atmosphere leads to sample crystallization and further nanoparticle growth, while at the same time reducing the Ge—O bonding. X‐ray diffraction measurements for as‐prepared and annealed samples indicate that diamond‐type and metastable phases are present.     

Three-body model for stripping nuclear reactions

A three-body model for the deuteron stripping nuclear reactions is presented. A set of three integral equations is obtained for the wave functions of the three-body problem by introducing a decomposition into angular momentum states into the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Simple two-particle interactions with separable potentials are used. These separable potentials reduce the three-body problem to the solution of coupled sets of one-dimensional Fredholm integral equations. The angular distributions for²⁸Si(d,p)²⁹Si and⁴⁰Ca(d, p)⁴¹Ca stripping reactions are calculated. From the extracted spectroscopic factors, good agreement with the experimental measurements is obtained.     

Nucleon-nucleon interaction in the three-nucleon system

The three-nucleon system is reconsidered. The Faddeev equations are given leading to a set of integral equations. Solving these integral equations, suitable forms are considered for the nucleon-nucleon interaction. In the bound state of three-nucleon system, the form of the nuclear forces from the nucleon-nucleon interaction is important. In the present calculations, we consider the nuclear forces resulting from the nucleon-nucleon interaction by the exchange of a scalar meson, a pseudoscalar meson, and a massless vector meson. With this different meson exchange nucleon-nucleon interaction, the binding energy of the three-nucleon system is calculated by solving the Faddeev integral equations giving a value of 8.452 MeV.     

Alpha-Be asymptotic wave function as three-α particle scattering

The asymptotic form of the wave function for scattering from an initial state of α-particle incident on ⁸Be, considered as two bound α-particles, with enough energy to give a final state of three free α-particles is given. Our resulted equation with the obtained expression is suitable for numerical calculations. Applying this equation to the analysis of experimental data, very good agreement is obtained.     

Theoretical studies of molecular complexes: a probe into basis set and correlation effects

We investigate the effect of basis set size, correlation effects and interplanar separation on the theoretical electronic structure of stacking complexes of para- and meta-hydroxyaruline with formamidinium cation, constructed as analogs for the complexes of 5- and 6-hydroxytryptamine with imidazolium cation.     

Determination of the optical constants of selenium films

The optical constants of evaporated Se films are calculated following Valeev’s method and applied to Se in the visible region. The calculated values are in good agreement with published data.     

Liquid Crystals with Large Negative Dielectric Anisotropy. Part V

Liquid crystals with negative Δϵ can be obtained by incorporating a cyano group in the terminal alkyl substituent or in an ethylene bridge between the cyclic units of the rigid core. The clearing points of such compounds are higher than those of the corresponding derivatives where the cyano group is laterally attached to a phenyl moiety. In compounds where both cyclic units of the rigid core are cyclohexyl, this type of substitution leads to an optimal contribution to ϵ⟂ in contrast to the cyanophenyl derivatives.     

Beitr?ge zur analytischen Chemie des Zirkoniums

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine rasche und genaue spektrophotometrische Bestimmungsmethode für Mikrogrammengen Zirkonium mittels des Azofarbstoffes Solochrome Violet R besehrieben. Dieser Farbstoff bildet in 0,1 n salzsaurer Lösung mit Zirkonium einen rotvioletten Komplex, der bei einer Wellenlänge von 560 m, maximale Absorption aufweist. Mit dieser Methode kann noch 1 g Zirkonium/10 ml Meßlösung mit ausreichender Genauigkeit bestimmt werden.Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Hecht für seine Unterstützung, die für das Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit von großer Bedeutung war.IV. Mitteilung siehe diese Z. 166, 181 (1959).     

Omega chrome black blue G as a colorimetric reagent for the microdetermination of various cations

Summary Omega Chrome Black Blue G has been found to be a suitable colorimetric reagent for the detection of cobalt and for the determination of copper, cobalt, cadmium, lead and magnesium. The effects of time, p_H, temperature, and foreign ions on the absorbancy are investigated. The reagent is practically suitable for the determination of microgram amounts of cobalt in presence of nickel and other ions which evoke a red colour.The reagent is not suitable for the determination of nickel, calcium, strontium, and zinc.