The Deformations Energy and Barrier Height of Super Heavy Nuclei

The liquid drop energy and barrier height are calculated for the super heavy nuclei ²⁵⁰X and ²⁵¹X, resulting from heavy ion reactions, at finite temperatures. Our calculations are compared with both the idealized nuclei ²⁵⁰Es and ²⁵¹ Es (being isobars of ²⁵⁰X and ²⁵¹X) and that obtained by previous work. The main reason of the descrepancies between the present calculated values of the barrier height and the fissility parameters and those obtained by others are found to be mainly due to the important role of Coulomb energy over the surface energy for heavy nuclei. It has been found that the temperature has the effect lowering the fission barrier and shifting the saddle point to lower values.     

Dependence of the Three-Nucleon Binding Energy on Some Different Effects

The bound state of three-nucleon system is studied as a three-body problem which is solved following the different approaches of the Faddeev formalism as well as the unitary pole approximation. The three-body problem is reduced to a set of coupled integral equations by using separable approximations. Numerical calculations are carried out for the resulting integral equations and the separable expansion. In the present work, we calculate the ground-state binding energy of the bound three-nucleon system ³H. The main interest of the present work is to investigate the sensitivity of the three-nucleon binding energy to different effects. For this reason, we study the dependence of this energy on different forms of local and separable nucleon-nucleon potentials, the effective range of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, and on the percent of the D state in the deuteron wave function. Also we test the sensitivity of the three-nucleon binding energy to the considered number of terms from the separable expansion.     

Angular and energy distributions of grey particles in high-energy hadron-nucleus collisions

The angular and energy distributions of grey particles (mostly protons in the energy range 30–400 MeV) emitted in the interactions of high energy hadrons with nuclei are investigated here. Grey particles “g particles” are assumed to result from the intranuclear cascade initiated by the passage of the incident hadron through the target nucleus. Using the pretested hypothesis that these particles arise only from the first two generations of the cascade, we calculate their angular and energy distributions. Various experimental data are successfully described both in shape and absolute magnitude.     

Polarographic and voltammetric behaviour of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylazobenzene

The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour of 2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylazobenzene has been studied in aqueous-ethanol mixtures of different pH using DCP and DPP polarographic and CV and SWV voltammetric methods. The reduction of the azo linkage takes place via two electrons at pH > 7, but four electrons at pH < 7 in aqueous-ethanol mixtures. It has been determined that there is a linear relationship between the current and concentration and the lowest detection limit has been found as 1 × 10^–7 M (for SWV).     

The mass spectra of ω-amino acid derivatives. The role of ω-activation in production of ions upon electron-impact

The mass spectra of a series of N-phthaloyl and N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of ω-amino acids ranging from 3-aminopropionic acid to 6-aminohexanoic acid were determined. Ions of significant intensity resulting from the loss of neutral fragments from precursor ions were observed. Deuterium labeling studies indicate the initial fragmentation loss of a neutral molecule; i.e. the loss of water from the molecular ion involves ω-hydrogen loss from the alkyl chain. A fragmentation scheme consistent with metastable, high resolution and deuterium labeling data is presented.     

A combined genetic algorithm-fuzzy logic controller (GA–FLC) in nonlinear programming

This paper presents a combined genetic algorithm-fuzzy logic controller (GA–FLC) technique for constrained nonlinear programming problems. In the standard Genetic algorithms, the upper and lower limits of the search regions should be given by the decision maker in advance to the optimization process. In general a needlessly large search region is used in fear of missing the global optimum outside the search region. Therefore, if the search region is able to adapt toward a promising area during the optimization process, the performance of GA will be enhanced greatly. Thus in this work we tried to investigate the influence of the bounding intervals on the final result. The proposed algorithm is made of classical GA coupled with FLC. This controller monitors the variation of the decision variables during process of the algorithm and modifies the boundary intervals to restart the next round of the algorithm. These characteristics make this approach well suited for finding optimal solutions to the highly NLP problems. Compared to previous works on NLP, our method proved to be more efficient in computation time and accuracy of the final solution.     

Effect of temperature and absorbed ionizing radiation doses on the electric and electronic properties of copper(II) complexes

A large number of copper(II) complexes derived from their related pyridine derivatives were prepared, crystallized and their characteristics established. The temperature dependence of d.c. electronic (electrical) conductivity and the electronic absorption properties of the materials under investigation were studied before and after exposure to various absorbed gamma does up to 10⁷ rads using a ⁶⁰Co gamma cell. The effect of gamma absorbed doses on the d.c. electrical conductivity and electronic absorption spectra of γ-irradiated samples are discussed on the basis of the effect of ionizing radiation firstly on metal—oxygen, and secondly on CC bonds regarding the substituent effect on their electronic delocalization and their geometrical structures.     

Thermal and conductivity studies of chitosan acetate-based polymer electrolytes

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) have been employed to study the thermal stability of the chitosan acetate-based polymer electrolyte films. The glass transition temperature, T_g measurements confirm the conductivity enhancement effect by adding the plasticizer and salt in the chitosan acetate films Paper presented at the International Conference on Functional Materials and Devices 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 6 – 8, 2005.     

A new method of solving Bessel's differential equation using the -transform

In the present paper, a new method of solving Bessel's differential equation is given using the -transform.     

Self-Scaled Barrier Functions on Symmetric Cones and Their Classification

Self-scaled barrier functions on self-scaled cones were axiomatically introduced by Nesterov and Todd in 1994 as a tool for the construction of primal—dual long-step interior point algorithms. This paper provides firm foundations for these objects by exhibiting their symmetry properties, their close ties with the symmetry groups of their domains of definition, and subsequently their decomposition into irreducible parts and their algebraic classification theory. In the first part we recall the characterization of the family of self-scaled cones as the set of symmetric cones and develop a primal—dual symmetric viewpoint on self-scaled barriers, results that were first discovered by the second author. We then show in a short, simple proof that any pointed, convex cone decomposes into a direct sum of irreducible components in a unique way, a result which can also be of independent interest. We then proceed to showing that any self-scaled barrier function decomposes, in an essentially unique way, into a direct sum of self-scaled barriers defined on the irreducible components of the underlying symmetric cone. Finally, we present a complete algebraic classification of self-scaled barrier functions using the correspondence between symmetric cones and Euclidean—Jordan algebras. December 5, 1999. Final version received: September 6, 2001.