Simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of the rare earths with calcein

The reactivity of the fluorescent reagent calcein with the trivalent cations of the rare earths has been spectrofluorimetrically studied in aqueous solution. Optimum excitation and emission wavelengths were 492-497 and 519-522 nm, respectively. Optimum pH was in the range 6.0-9.2. The stoichiometry of the complexes was 1:1. A direct, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of rare earth mixtures has been proposed with a detection limit of 4.49x10(-8) M and a coefficient of variation of 0.82%.     

Associations moléculaires dans les cristaux de mélanges binaires de savons

Conclusion La variation des valeurs des grands espacements ou les différentes valeurs des espacements trouvés avec les mélanges binaires des sels alcalins des acides gras de différentes longueurs de chaîne peuvent être expliquées de la façon suivante: Plus les longueurs des chaînes des deux espèces de molécules sont voisines, plus elles ont tendance à cristalliser comme s'il s'agissait de molécules identiques et plus elles forment donc aisément des solutions solides. Ceci se produit pour des valeurs de la différence relative du nombre d'atomes de carbonex/n 0,14. Au fur et à mesure que cette différence croît, ces mélanges peuvent donner un composé stchiométrique, mais ne plus donner des solutions solides en toutes proportions. Ceci se produit pour des valeurs dex/n comprises entre 0,14 et 0,50. Enfin si la différence relativex/n est plus grande que 0,50 les savons cristallisent séparément; il n'y a ni solution solide, ni composé moléculaire.

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Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Röntgendiagrammen wurden binäre Gemische von Natriumsalzen der gesättigten Fettsäuren mit gerader Kohlenstoffatomzahl und mit unterschiedlicher Kettenlänge untersucht, um die Existenz von möglichen definierten Molekülverbindungen nachzuweisen.Zu diesem Zweck wurden systematisch alle möglichen binären Kombinationen der Seifen durchgemessen, wobei für jedes Seifenpaar eine Reihe Messungen in verschiedenem Verhältnis beider Konstituenten angefertigt wurde.Die einfache Betrachtung der absoluten unterschiedlichen Kettenlänge in einem solchen binären Gemisch gestattet nicht, die Ungleichheit der erhaltenen Resultate zu erklären, aber derrelative Unterschied n/n, das heißt bezogen auf die Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome beider Ketten, läßt die Aufstellung einer allgemeinen Regel zu. Je nach der Größe dieses ansteigenden relativen Unterschieds beobachtet man zuerst eine Bildung von festen Lösungen, danach Molekülassoziationen mit definierten Proportionen, und schließlich eine getrennte Kristallisation der beiden Konstituenten. Diese Ergebnisse werden bestätigt durch die Solidus-Liquidus-Kurven derselben Seifengemische.

     

Peculiarities of the photo aging of aromatic polyesters

Conclusions In the photolysis of films of polyarylates F-1 and D-9, together with destruction and structuration, there is a formation of light-absorbing o-hydroxyketone and quinoid structures in the polymers, which determines the self-stabilization of the polyesters; moreover, the basic photochemical processes take place in a thin surface layer.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2302–2304 October, 1969     

Novel method for the preparation of anionic surfactant-selective electrodes

A simple one-step synthesis is described for the functionalization of poly(vinyl chloride) used for the preparation of anionic surfactant-selective membrane electrodes. The method is based on the nucleophilic substitution of a fraction of the chlorine atoms bound to the poly(vinyl chloride) backbone by trimethylamine. The prepared slightly charged polymer gave rise to high-quality surfactant-selective electrode membranes, which had a Nernstian response, short response time, and appropriate stability.     

Studies on the 4-benzoylpyridine-3-carboxamide entity as a fragment model of the Isoniazid-NAD adduct

An ortho-metallation-electrophilic substitution sequence was employed as a key step to build the 4-benzoylpyridine framework. It was found that 4-benzoylpyridine-3-carboxamide and an N-pyridyl alkylated derivative both exist in a unique cyclized hemiamidal structure, not in the usually expected keto-amide open form. These structures represent fragment models of the Isoniazid-NAD adducts involved in the mechanism of action of the antituberculous drug Isoniazid.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the surface tension of ionic liquids

We report molecular dynamics computer simulations of the surface tension and interfacial thickness of ionic liquid-vapor interfaces modeled with a soft core primitive model potential. We find that the surface tension shows an anomalous oscillatory behavior with interfacial area. This observation is discussed in terms of finite size effects introduced by the periodic boundary conditions employed in computer simulations. Otherwise we show that the thickness of the liquid-vapor interface increases with surface area as predicted by the capillary wave theory. Data on the surface tension of size-asymmetric ionic liquids are reported and compared with experimental data of molten salts. Our data suggest that the surface tensions of size-asymmetric ionic liquids do not follow a corresponding states law.     

Analysis of 19-norandrosterone in human urine by gas chromatography–isotope-dilution mass spectrometry: method adopted by LGC for participation in the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) Pilot Study P68

The method used at LGC for analysis of “total” 19-norandrosterone (19-norandrosterone glucuronide plus “free” 19-norandrosterone) in urine for the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière Pilot Study (CCQM-P68) is described. The analytical method used was a modified version of the method developed at the National Measurement Institute of Australia, which used a hydrolysis and derivatisation procedure first described by the German Sports University. This method is routinely used by World Anti-Doping Agency-accredited laboratories for sports drug testing. The main modifications made to the method were the use of 19-norandrosterone glucuronide as a calibration standard and 19-norandrosterone glucuronide-d4 as an isotopically labelled internal standard, and the use of a bench-top quadrupole gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. The results produced by LGC (2.14 ± 0.15 ng g⁻¹ expanded uncertainty, coverage factor k = 2) were in excellent agreement with those from other participating national metrology institutes and thus further validates the exact-matching isotope-dilution mass spectrometric procedures used at LGC for a wide range of reference measurement applications, including measurement of ng g⁻¹ levels of steroids in a biological matrix.     

Heavy metal analysis of rainwaters: A comparison of TXRF and ASV analytical capabilities

The aim of this work consisted on the implementation of sufficiently accurate and sensitive analytical procedure for the analysis of metal concentration in rainwater. Different sample preparation procedures were tested to achieve the required concentration prior to direct total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis. TXRF and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) were compared in regard to achieved detection limits, precision and accuracy.     

Some remarks on the homogenization of the dam problem

The homogenization of the dam problem is discussed in the general weak formulation by means of the technique of correctors. In the two special cases of horizontal layers and of the isotropic coefficients with separated variables the problem is solved. However, in general, the unsaturated region is not stable for the homogenization, as a counterexample by Alt shows.     

Structures of daurosides A and B — New acylated coumarin glycosides fromHaplophyllum dauricum

From the roots and epigeal parts ofHaplophyllum dauricum (L.) G. Don., new acylated courmarin glycosides have been isolated: dauroside A, C₂₃H₂₈O₁₃, mp 145–147°C (ethanol), [] _D ²² – 72.7° (methanol), and dauroside B, C₃₀H₃₂O₁₄, mp 145–150°C (methanol) [] _D ²² 0° (pyridine). Their structures have been established on the basis of chemical transformations and IR, UV, mass,¹H NMR and¹³C NMR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 142–147, March–April, 1983.