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911.
Marius Murariu Anne Laure Dechief Yoann Paint Gaëlle Fontaine Philippe Dubois 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(5):889-900
Composites have been produced by melt-blending biodegradable polylactide (PLA) with commercially available expanded graphite (EG). Using different techniques of addition, the manifold effects of EG on PLA molecular, thermo-mechanical and fire-retardant properties were evaluated. The EG nanofiller provides PLA composites with competitive functional properties. They have a high rigidity, with Young's modulus and storage modulus increasing with EG content. They also have excellent thermal stability while preserving the glass transition and melting temperature of the original PLA matrix. Purification and pre-dispersion of EG nanofiller proved beneficial for preserving PLA molecular weights and led to improved mechanical performance. The presence of dispersed graphene nanolayers in PLA significantly accelerated the polyester crystallization process. The flame retardant properties also displayed improvements with a large decrease in the maximum rate of heat release as recorded by cone calorimetry, whereas the horizontal burning test (UL94 HB) was successfully passed revealing non-dripping and char formation. 相似文献
912.
J.-X. Fontaine R. Molinié T. Tercé-Laforgue D. Cailleu B. Hirel F. Dubois F. Mesnard 《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2010,13(4):453-458
It is now well established that the GS/GOGAT cycle is the major route for ammonium assimilation in higher plants. However, it has often been argued that other enzymes, such as glutamate dehydrogenase, have the capacity to assimilate ammonium, leading to the hypothesis that alternative ammonium assimilatory pathways could operate under particular physiological conditions. The GDH enzyme is encoded by two distinct genes, GDH1 and GDH2. A third gene, GDH3, potentially encoding GDH has recently been identified by in silico studies performed on Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to precise its function, the metabolic profile of gdh3 knock out mutants were compared to wild type plants using the 1H-NMR technique. 1H-NMR spectra coupled with principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis were applied to identify changes of the metabolic profiles. These experiments were performed on roots, leaves and stems. In the gdh3 mutant, metabolic variations were observed for carboxylic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates content. 相似文献
913.
Zinc fingers are ubiquitous small protein domains which have a Zn(Cys)(4-x)(His)(x) site. They possess great diversity in their structure and amino acid composition. Using a family of six peptides, it was possible to assess the influence of hydrophobic amino acids on the metal-peptide affinities and on the rates of metal association and dissociation. A model of a treble-clef zinc finger, a model of the zinc finger site of a redox-switch protein, and four variants of the classical ββα zinc finger were used. They differ in their coordination set, their sequence length, and their hydrophobic amino acid content. The speciation, metal binding constants, and structure of these peptides have been investigated as a function of pH. The zinc binding constants of peptides, which adopt a well-defined structure, were found to be around 10(15) at pH 7.0. The rates of zinc exchange between EDTA and the peptides were also assessed. We evidenced that the packing of hydrophobic amino acids into a well-defined hydrophobic core can have a drastic influence on both the binding constant and the kinetics of metal exchange. Notably, well-packed hydrophobic amino acids can increase the stability constant by 4 orders of magnitude. The half-life of zinc exchange was also seen to vary significantly depending on the sequence of the zinc finger. The possible causes for this behavior are discussed. This work will help in understanding the dynamics of zinc exchange in zinc-containing proteins. 相似文献
914.
Vincent Mazel Pascale Richardin David Touboul Alain Brunelle Caroline Richard Eric Laval Philippe Walter Olivier Laprévote 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2010,45(8):944-950
The rock art site at the village of Songo in Mali is a very important Dogon ritual place where, since the end of the nineteenth century until today, takes place the ceremony of circumcision. During these ceremonies, paintings are performed on the walls of the shelter with mainly three colors: red, black and white. Ethnological literature mentions the use of animal urine of different species such as birds, lizards or snakes as a white pigment. Urine of these animals is mainly composed of uric acid or urate salts. In this article, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is used to compare uric acid, snake urine and a sample of a white pigment of a Dogon painting coming from the rock art site of Songo. ToF‐SIMS measurements in both positive and negative ion modes on reference compounds and snake urine proved useful for the study of uric acid and urate salts. This method enables to identify unambiguously these compounds owing to the detection in negative ion mode of the ion corresponding to the deprotonated molecule ([M ? H]? at m/z 167.01) and its fragment ions. Moreover, the mass spectra obtained in positive ion mode permit to differentiate uric acid and urate salts on the basis of specific ions. Applying this method to the Dogon white pigments sample, we show that the sample is entirely composed of uric acid. This proves for the first time, that animal urine was used as a pigment by the Dogon. The presence of uric acid instead of urate salts as normally expected in animal urine could be explained by the preparation of the pigment for its application on the stone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
915.
Céline Perego Renaud Revel Olivier Durupthy Sophie Cassaignon Jean-Pierre Jolivet 《Solid State Sciences》2010,12(6):989-995
TiO2 is a material of great interest for many technological applications among which, as catalyst support. As this specific application requires a good thermal stability of the material, the phase transition between the two most commonly used titania polymorphs, anatase and rutile, has been extensively studied over the past decade. However not much importance has been given to the initial and final particles morphologies. In this study, anatase nanoparticles with an elongated shape were synthesized and their kinetic phase transformation was studied. The thermal treatments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700 °C. The morphology evolution and the phase transition were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The phase transformation kinetics is best described by the interface nucleation models. The values of the measured kinetic parameters are significantly lower than those proposed in the literature for isotropic particles, with an activation energy of Ea = 345 kJ mol?1. The influence of morphology and, as a consequence, the influence of exposed faces on anatase particles, are presented and discussed. 相似文献
916.
917.
13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed on p-terphenyl, p-quaterphenyl, and p-sexiphenyl either in their pristine or doped with alkali metals form. The 13C NMR spectra of doped materials show new resonances by comparison with pristine compounds. For the K-doped materials, these resonances appear in the 90-135 ppm range, while for Na-doped materials, they are observed in the larger 20-150 ppm range. It suggests that the interaction between the alkali ions and the oligomers depends on the nature of the alkali. It is corroborated by 13C NMR experiments after exposure to air that show different behaviors. As expected, air exposure of K-doped samples restores the pristine spectra. This is not the case for Na doping, where the signature of the doped material persists even after exposure to air. In the latter case, some 13C resonances can be assigned to sp3 hybridized carbons and to the quinoid group. It suggests that Na doping induces a polymerization of the oligophenylenes. 相似文献
918.
Olivier PIRONNEAU 《数学年刊B辑(英文版)》2018,39(2):213-232
The conservation laws of continuum mechanics, written in an Eulerian frame, do not distinguish fluids and solids, except in the expression of the stress tensors, usually with Newton’s hypothesis for the fluids and Helmholtz potentials of energy for hyperelastic solids. By taking the velocities as unknown monolithic methods for fluid structure interactions (FSI for short) are built. In this paper such a formulation is analysed when the solid is compressible and the fluid is incompressible. The idea is not new but the progress of mesh generators and numerical schemes like the Characteristics-Galerkin method render this approach feasible and reasonably robust. In this paper the method and its discretisation are presented, stability is discussed through an energy estimate. A numerical section discusses implementation issues and presents a few simple tests. 相似文献
919.
Valérie Marchal Frédérique Barbier Frédéric Plassard R. Faure Olivier Vittori 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,363(7):710-712
Sodium activated Bentonite, a sodium modified Montmorillonite, was submitted to cadmium sorption from nitrate solutions in
order to simulate a cadmium polluted clay mineral. The remaining cadmium concentration in solution was analyzed at equilibrium
by means of Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) in order to calculate the cadmium concentration sorbed by the clay. The
cadmium distribution between clay mineral and solution was observed for different concentrations, showing a Freundlich sorption
profile. The clay mineral, previously submitted to the cadmium sorption procedure, was included in a carbon paste in order
to investigate the cadmium content by voltammetric determination. For cadmium detection in Bentonite, a linear response of
the carbon paste electrode (CPE) was observed in the 5 · 10–5– 1.8 · 10–4 mol/g range with good reproducibility.
Received: 23 July 1998 / Revised: 19 November 1998 / Accepted: 26 November 1998 相似文献
920.
Nicolas G. Martinelli Yoann Olivier Dr. Stavros Athanasopoulos Dr. Mari‐Carmen Ruiz Delgado Dr. Kathryn R. Pigg Demétrio A. da Silva Filho Dr. Roel S. Sánchez‐Carrera Dr. Elisabetta Venuti Raffaele G. Della Valle Prof. Jean‐Luc Brédas Prof. David Beljonne Dr. Jérôme Cornil Dr. 《Chemphyschem》2009,10(13):2158-2158