Vibrational relaxation of the bending mode of HDO in liquid D2O

The vibrational relaxation of the bending mode of HDO in liquid D2O has been studied using time-resolved mid-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy. At short delays, the transient spectrum clearly shows the v = 1 --> 2 induced absorption and v = 1 --> 0 bleaching and stimulated emission, whereas at long delays, the transient spectrum is dominated by the spectral changes caused by the temperature increase in the sample after vibrational relaxation. From the decay of the v = 1 --> 2 induced absorption, we obtain an estimate of 390 +/- 50 fs for the vibrational lifetime, in surprisingly good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. In the v = 0 --> 1 frequency region, the decay of the absorption change involves a second, slower component, which suggests that after vibrational relaxation the system is not yet in thermal equilibrium.     

Canonical forms of Borel functions on the Milliken space

The goal of this paper is to canonize Borel measurable mappings , where is the Milliken space, i.e., the space of all increasing infinite sequences of pairwise disjoint nonempty finite sets of . This main result is a common generalization of a theorem of Taylor and a theorem of Prömel and Voigt.

     

S-Ringe und verallgemeinerte Charaktere auf endlichen Gruppen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Improving the dielectric constant of Al2O3 by cerium substitution for high-k MIM applications

Process compatible high-k dielectric thin films are one of the key solutions to develop high performance metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structures for future microelectronic devices. Engineered cerium–aluminate (Ce_xAl_2–xO₃) thin films were deposited on titanium nitride metal electrodes by electron-beam co-evaporation of ceria and alumina in a molecular beam deposition chamber. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly reveals that Ce cations can be stabilized in the 3+ valence state in Ce_xAl_2–xO₃ up to x = 0.7 by accommodation in the alumina host matrix. Higher Ce content was observed to result in cerium dioxide segregation in cerium aluminate matrix, probably due to the chemical tendency of Ce cations to exist rather in the 4+ than in the 3+ state. Electrical characterization of the X-ray amorphous Ce_0.7Al_1.3O₃ films reveals a dielectric constant value of about 11 and leakage current lower than 10^?4 A/cm². No parasitic low-k interface formation between the high-k Ce_0.7Al_1.3O₃ film and the TiN metal electrode is detected.     

Experimental Investigation,Viscoelastic-Plastic Modelling and Parameter Identification for Different Batches of 51CrV4 Steel

In this paper, differences of the mechanical behaviour of several batches of 51CrV4 are shown in elongational controlled tests. The consequences of modelling the behaviour are treated with a viscoelastic-plastic model. For each batch, a new parameter set was obtained using an evolution based optimization strategy. Here, the average parameter set is shown to be inaccurate in case of using it for all batches. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Phase-field modeling of the effect of interfacial energy on pyrolytic carbon morphology in chemical vapor deposition

A conserved phase-field model is proposed to investigate the effect of interfacial energy on the morphological evolution of the pyrolytic carbon deposit in chemical vapor deposition. The equilibrium geometry of carbon deposit islands is analytically predicted, of which the contact angle was controlled through the boundary conditions of the phase-field parameter at the substrate surface according to the Young-Laplace equation. Simulations of deposit growth are carried out for single and multi island nucleation. It is clarified that the island morphology depends on the magnitude of the interface energy. It is also observed that high interface energy results in large island size fluctuation. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On Symmetric Boundary Conditions in the Context of Viscoelastic Fluid Flows

In order to reduce the numerical cost of three dimensional flow problems with geometrical symmetry, the use of symmetric boundary conditions is standard. For Newtonian fluid flow problems this approximation is usually appropriate, particularly when the Reynolds number is small. In the case of viscoelastic fluid flow simulations with stabilization techniques, such as the so-called DEVSS and/or Log-Conformation tensor methods, at high Deborah number flows this implementation is not straightforward, as in the Newtonian case. It is well known that viscoelastic models (e.g. Maxwellian models), show (purely) elastic flow instabilities when the Deborah number is increased above a critical value, even under creeping flow conditions. In this work we present numerical simulations with different stabilization techniques and different differential viscoelastic models at high Deborah number flows. As a test-case, we compare the flow in a full two-dimensional cross-slot geometry to show the asymmetrical behavior of the viscoelastic fluid flow. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Application of affinity capillary electrophoresis for charge heterogeneity profiling of biopharmaceuticals

Charge heterogeneity profiling is important for the quality control (QC) of biopharmaceuticals. Because of the increasing complexity of these therapeutic entities [1], the development of alternative analytical techniques is needed. In this work, flow‐through partial‐filling affinity capillary electrophoresis (FTPFACE) has been established as a method for the analysis of a mixture of two similar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The addition of a specific ligand results in the complexation of one mAb in the co‐formulation, thus changing its migration time in the electric field. This allows the characterization of the charged variants of the non‐shifted mAb without interferences. Adsorption of proteins to the inner capillary wall has been circumvented by rinsing with guanidine hydrochloride before each injection. The presented FTPFACE approach requires only very small amounts of ligands and provides complete comparability with a standard CZE of a single mAb.