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Mihaela Carmen Balaban Cyril Chappaz-Gillot Olaf Fuhr Christian Roussel 《Tetrahedron》2009,65(18):3733-193
meso-Bromoporphyrins can be conveniently substituted by primary and secondary amines in a metal catalyst-free reaction which gives access to a large variety of meso-N-substituted derivatives. In some cases, considerable acceleration of this amination can be effected under microwave irradiation. The amino anchor on the porphyrin skeleton is useful for constructing novel self-assembling porphyrinoids as demonstrated by a single crystal X-ray analysis as well as stationary absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. 相似文献
84.
Let be a one-parameter family of positive integral operators on a locally compact space . For a possibly non-uniform partition of define a finite measure on the path space by using a) for the transition between any two consecutive partition times of distance and b) a suitable continuous interpolation scheme (e.g. Brownian bridges or geodesics). If necessary normalize the result
to get a probability measure. We prove a version of Chernoff's theorem of semigroup theory and tightness results which yield
convergence in law of such measures as the partition gets finer. In particular let be a closed smooth submanifold of a manifold . We prove convergence of Brownian motion on , conditioned to visit at all partition times, to a process on whose law has a density with respect to Brownian motion on which contains scalar, mean and sectional curvatures terms. Various approximation schemes for Brownian motion on are also given.
相似文献
85.
The effect of long-range forces on the dynamics of a bar 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Olaf Weckner 《Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids》2005,53(3):705-728
The one-dimensional dynamic response of an infinite bar composed of a linear “microelastic material” is examined. The principal physical characteristic of this constitutive model is that it accounts for the effects of long-range forces. The general theory that describes our setting, including the accompanying equation of motion, was developed independently by Kunin (Elastic Media with Microstructure I, 1982), Rogula (Nonlocal Theory of Material Media, 1982) and Silling (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 48 (2000) 175), and is called the peridynamic theory. The general initial-value problem is solved and the motion is found to be dispersive as a consequence of the long-range forces. The result converges, in the limit of short-range forces, to the classical result for a linearly elastic medium. Explicit solutions in elementary form are given in a broad class of special cases. The most striking observations arise in the Riemann-like problem corresponding to a constant initial displacement field and a piecewise constant initial velocity field. Even though, initially, the displacement field is continuous, it involves a jump discontinuity for all later times, the Lagrangian location of which remains stationary. For some materials the magnitude of the discontinuity-jump oscillates about an average value, while for others it grows monotonically, presumably fracturing the material when it exceeds some critical level. 相似文献
86.
Analysis of a new drug of abuse: Cathinone derivative 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one
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Jennifer A. Weiß Magdalena Taschwer Olaf Kunert Martin G. Schmid 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(5):825-828
Recently, novel psychoactive drugs for human abuse such as amphetamines, phenethylamines, benzofuries, and tryptamines, cathinones have gained high popularity. These designer drugs are mainly sold via online stores as “bath salts” and are labeled “not for human consumption.” Due to the novelty of the compounds, only a little information about pharmacology, toxicology, and the long‐term damage they may cause is available. Moreover, there are only few analytical methods for their identification and analysis. Among new cathinone derivatives, 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one (DL‐4662), became available via an internet shop. A sample of this compound was purchased and investigated. The first aim of our study was an identity check by NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. As many of the recreational drugs are chiral and are mainly sold as racemates, a further goal of our research was enantioseparation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, to prove whether DL‐4662 was traded enantiomerically pure or as racemic mixture. Both chiral separation methods showed the presence of a racemate. 相似文献
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Let Ω be an open, simply connected, and bounded region in \(\mathbb {R}^{d}\), d ≥ 2, and assume its boundary ?Ω is smooth and homeomorphic to \(\mathbb {S}^{d-1}\). Consider solving an elliptic partial differential equation L u = f(?, u) over Ω with zero Dirichlet boundary value. The function f is a nonlinear function of the solution u. The problem is converted to an equivalent elliptic problem over the open unit ball \(\mathbb {B}^{d}\) in \(\mathbb {R}^{d}\), say \(\widetilde {L}\widetilde {u} =\widetilde {f}(\cdot ,\widetilde {u})\). Then a spectral Galerkin method is used to create a convergent sequence of multivariate polynomials \(\widetilde {u} _{n}\) of degree ≤ n that is convergent to \(\widetilde {u}\). The transformation from Ω to \(\mathbb {B}^{d}\) requires a special analytical calculation for its implementation. With sufficiently smooth problem parameters, the method is shown to be rapidly convergent. For \(u\in C^{\infty } \left (\overline {\Omega }\right ) \) and assuming ?Ω is a C ∞ boundary, the convergence of \(\left \Vert \widetilde {u} -\widetilde {u}_{n}\right \Vert _{H^{1}}\) to zero is faster than any power of 1/n. The error analysis uses a reformulation of the boundary value problem as an integral equation, and then it uses tools from nonlinear integral equations to analyze the numerical method. Numerical examples illustrate experimentally an exponential rate of convergence. A generalization to ?Δu + γ u = f(u) with a zero Neumann boundary condition is also presented. 相似文献
90.
Stefan Ewald Franz Koschany David Schlereth Moritz Wolf Olaf Hinrichsen 《Chemie in Unserer Zeit》2015,49(4):270-278
The power‐to‐gas concept is a promising technology to chemically store energy and therefore a feasible approach to mitigate the challenges of energy transition. Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in CO2 conversion to methane using nickel based catalysts. A thorough catalyst characterization facilitates the synthesis of optimized catalyst systems. The determination of reaction kinetics is fundamental for industrial reactor design. 相似文献