Global solution branches for a nonlocal Allen–Cahn equation

We consider the Neumann problem of a 1D stationary Allen–Cahn equation with nonlocal term. Our previous paper [4] obtained a local branch of asymmetric solutions which bifurcates from a point on the branch of odd-symmetric solutions. This paper derives the global behavior of the branch of asymmetric solutions, and moreover, determines the set of all solutions to the nonlocal Allen–Cahn equation. Our proof is based on a level set analysis for an integral map associated with the nonlocal term.     

A structure analysis of Ag-adsorbed Si(111) surface by LEED/CMTA

The Ag induced superstructures on the Si(111) surface have been studied by low energy electron diffraction constant momentum transfer averaging (LEED/CMTA) technique. The vertical displacements of the atoms are determined from the analysis of the specularly reflected (00) beam intensities. Unexpected behavior of the Ag atoms is clarified: For the √3 × √3-Ag surface it is verified that the Ag atoms are embedded in the first double layer of Si, leading to a considerable rearrangement of the substrate. In contrast, for the 3 × 1-Ag surface, the Ag atoms are riding on the Si surface and the reconstruction of the substrate is small.     

Convergence of the arithmetic-geometric mean procedure for the complex variables and the calculation of the complete elliptic integrals with complex modulus

The convergence of the arithmetic-geometric mean procedure is checked for complex variables. The procedure is shown to be useful for the evaluation of the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds with complex modulus. It is suggested that the procedure will be useful also for the numerical calculation of the elliptic integrals and the Jacobian elliptic functions with complex modulus in general.     

Improved lattice action for Wilson fermions

An improved lattice action for gauge theories with Wilson fermions is presented.     

Microwave spectrum of monodeuterated diacetylene due to vibrationally induced dipole moment

Microwave spectrum of monodeuterated diacetylene (HCCCCD), which is nonpolar in the equilibrium configuration, was observed in various excited states of bending vibrations. Dipole moments in the ν₆, 2ν₆, and ν₆ + ν₉ vibrational states were determined from the Stark effect measurement to be 0.0907(6), 0.1681(14), and 0.0900(4) D with uncertainties in parentheses, where ν₆ and ν₉ denote respectively the CCH bending and lowest frequency bending vibrations. The l-type doubling constant in the ν₆ state is 2.1316(28) MHz. Rotational constants were determined in MHz; ν₆(Π), 4086.2165(44); 2ν₆(Δ), 4087.6963(58); ν₆ + ν₉(Δ), 4097.7537(50); 2ν₈(Δ), 4094.4786(103); ν₆ + ν₇(Δ), 4092.9074(176); ν₇ + ν₈(Δ), 4095.8925(354); 2ν₆ + ν₉(Φ), 4098.9505(339).     

Total synthesis of (+/-)-morphine

[Structure: see text] The morphinan skeleton was effectively synthesized by an intramolecular Mannich-type reaction. Further transformation led to total synthesis of morphine.     

Surface adsorption and vesicle formation of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine in room temperature ionic liquids

In this work, we study the adhesion forces between atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips and superficial dentin etched with phosphoric acid. Initially, we quantitatively analyze the effect of acid etching on the surface heterogeneity and the surface roughness, two parameters that play a key role in the adhesion phenomenon. From a statistical study of the force-distance curves, we determine the average adhesion forces on the processed substrates. Our results show that the average adhesion forces, measured in water, increase linearly with the acid exposure time. The highest values of such forces are ascribed to the high density of collagen fibers on the etched surfaces. The individual contribution of exposed collagen fibrils to the adhesion force is highlighted. We also discuss in this paper the influence of the environmental medium (water/air) in the adhesion measurements. We show that the weak forces involved require working in the aqueous medium.