Fine structure in the cosmic ray electron spectrum measured by the ATIC-2 and ATIC-4 experiments

A strong anomaly in form of a wide peak in the energy range 300–800 GeV was discovered in the first measurements of the electron spectrum in the energy range from 20 GeV to 3 TeV by the balloon-borne experiment ATIC [1]. The experimental data processing and analysis of the electron spectrum with different criteria for selection of electrons completely independent of the results reported in [1] is employed in the present paper. New independent analysis generally confirms the results of [1] but shows that the spectrum in the region of the anomaly is represented by a number of narrow peaks. Measured spectrum is compared to the spectrum of [1] and to the spectrum of the Fermi/LAT experiment.     

Investigation on the magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopy of 57Fe doped LiMnPO4

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The 57Fe doped LiMnPO4 cathode with potential applications in Li-ion batteries was prepared by solid-state reaction. The magnetic susceptibility...     

Diffusion of chromium in chrysoberyl

Cr³⁺ diffusion in chrysoberyl (BeAl₂O₄) irradiated by H⁺ ions and electrons has been studied and compared with diffusion in non-irradiated samples. Chrysoberyl crystals were irradiated with 6 MeV H⁺ ions to fluencies of 1×10¹⁶ cm^–2 for 25 min and with 10 MeV electrons to fluencies of 2×10¹⁷ cm^–2 for 1 h. Three different types of samples, which were doped with Cr³⁺, were annealed in horizontal alumina tube furnaces by 50 K intervals in the temperature range from 1773 to 1923 K for 200 h. Scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM–EDX) was used to measure the diffusion. Arrhenius equations for the diffusion coefficient for Cr³⁺ in the temperature range 1773–1923 K were developed:     

Residual d.c. characteristics in the in-plane switching liquid crystal display by the capacitance-voltage hysteresis method on a polymer surface

In this research, the image-sticking property of the in-plane switching (IPS)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with residual d.c. voltage on a rubbed polyimide surface was studied. The voltage holding ratio (VHR) and residual d.c. voltage were measured by the capacitance-voltage hysteresis method in the IPS-LCDs. It was found that the VHR increased with increasing specific resistivity of fluorine-containing LCs. The residual d.c. voltage decreased with increasing concentration of cyano-containing LCs. The residual d.c. voltage is thus decreased by the high polarity of cyano-LCs.     

Understanding the Structural Differences between Spherical and Rod‐Shaped Human Insulin Nanoparticles Produced by Supercritical Fluids Precipitation

In this study, the thermal denaturation mechanism and secondary structures of two types of human insulin nanoparticles produced by a process of solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol (EtOH) solutions of insulin are investigated using spectroscopic approaches and molecular dynamics calculations. First, the temperature‐dependent IR spectra of spherical and rod‐shaped insulin nanoparticles prepared from DMSO and EtOH solution, respectively, are analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and 2D correlation spectroscopy to obtain a deeper understanding of the molecular structures and thermal behavior of the two insulin particle shapes. All‐atom molecular dynamics (AAMD) calculations are performed to investigate the influence of the solvent molecules on the production of the insulin nanoparticles and to elucidate the geometric differences between the two types of nanoparticles. The results of the PCA, the 2D correlation spectroscopic analysis, and the AAMD calculations clearly reveal that the thermal denaturation mechanisms and the degrees of hydrogen bonding in the spherical and rod‐shaped insulin nanoparticles are different. The polarity of the solvent might not alter the structure or function of the insulin produced, but the solvent polarity does influence the synthesis of different shapes of insulin nanoparticles.     

Fetal hematopoietic stem cells express MFG-E8 during mouse embryogenesis

The milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 protein (MFG-E8) has been identified in various tissues, where it has an important role in intercellular interactions, cellular migration, and neovascularization. Previous studies showed that MFG-E8 is expressed in different cell types under normal and pathophysiological conditions, but its expression in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during hematopoiesis has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated MFG-E8 expression in multiple hematopoietic tissues at different stages of mouse embryogenesis. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that MFG-E8 was specifically expressed in CD34⁺ HSCs at all hematopoietic sites, including the yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, placenta and fetal liver, during embryogenesis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that CD34⁺ cells, purified from the fetal liver, expressed additional HSC markers, c-Kit and Sca-1, and that these CD34⁺ cells, but not CD34⁻ cells, highly expressed MFG-E8. We also found that MFG-E8 was not expressed in HSCs in adult mouse bone marrow, and that its expression was confined to F4/80⁺ macrophages. Together, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that MFG-8 is expressed in fetal HSC populations, and that MFG-E8 may have a role in embryonic hematopoiesis.     

Co‐development of Crystalline and Mesoscopic Order in Mesostructured Zeolite Nanosheets

Mesoporous zeolites are a new and technologically important class of materials that exhibit improved diffusion and catalytic reaction properties compared to conventional zeolites with sub‐nanometer pore dimensions. During their syntheses, the transient developments of crystalline and mesoscopic order are closely coupled and challenging to control. Correlated solid‐state NMR, X‐ray, and electron microscopy analyses yield new molecular‐level insights on the interactions and distributions of complicated organic structure‐directing agents with respect to crystallizing zeolite frameworks. The analyses reveal the formation of an intermediate layered silicate phase, which subsequently transforms into zeolite nanosheets with uniform nano‐ and mesoscale porosities. Such materials result from coupled surfactant self‐assembly and inorganic crystallization processes, the interplay between which governs the onset and development of framework structural order on different length and time scales.