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21.
Thermoosmosis through anion-exchange membranes was measured for 10-3 to 2 mol/kg of aqueous KCl, LiCl, and NH4Cl and for 10-3 to 3 x 10-1 mol/kg of aqueous KIO3 and K2SO4. For all electrolytes used the direction of thermoosmosis was from the cold side to the hot side over the whole range of concentrations. For KCl and LiCl the experimental results were analyzed with an extension of a previously published theory, using additional data for transport numbers of ions in membranes and for electroosmosis. The agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory. The absolute value of thermoosmosis for KIO3 is larger than that for other electrolytes because the pore volume fraction of the membrane for KIO3 is larger than that for the other electrolytes. 相似文献
22.
Solid–liquid equilibrium was measured for benzene + cyclohexane, trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene and cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene under the atmospheric pressure in the temperature range from 226.69 to 353.14 K. The apparatus was specially designed in this study, and it was based on a cooling method. The phase diagram with the complete immiscible solids was observed for the three systems, and the eutectic point was found at x2 = 0.2709 and Teu = 232.11 K for benzene + cyclohexane, x2 = 0.9816 and Teu = 241.98 K for trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, and x3 = 0.9822 and Teu = 225.74 K for cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, respectively. Hydrogen solubility was also measured for the two pure substances, trans-decahydronaphthalene and cis-decahydronaphthalene, and the three mixtures, trans-decahydronaphthalene + cis-decahydronaphthalene, trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, and cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, in the pressure range from 1.702 to 4.473 MPa at 303.15 K. Considering the solid–liquid equilibrium data, mole ratio of trans-decahydronaphthalene:cis-decahydronaphthalene was set to 50:50, and those of trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, and cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene to 85:15. The hydrogen solubility increased linearly with the pressure following the Henry's law for all systems. The experimental solubility data were correlated or predicted with the Peng–Robinson equation of state [D.Y. Peng, D.B. Robinson, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 15 (1976) 59–64; R. Stryjek, J.H. Vera, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 64 (1986) 323–333]. 相似文献
23.
Virgil Percec Shigeru Okita 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1993,31(4):923-932
The nucleophilic substitution reactions of 1,4-dichlorobenzene chromium tricarbonyl ( 1 ) with the phenoxide anion were investigated. The substitution of the first chlorine was very fast and gave the mono-substituted product in high yield. The substitution of the second chlorine group was significantly retarded by the presence of the phenoxy group incorporated during the first reaction and also due to the competing decomplexation reaction. The application of 1,4-dichlorobenzene chromium tricarbonyl ( 1 ) to the synthesis of new monomers was demonstrated by the preparation of 2,2′-bis[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]propane ( 9 ). 2,2′-Bis[4-(4-chlorophenoxyl)phenyl]propane ( 9 ) was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenolate with 1,4-dichlorobenzene chromium tricarbonyl ( 1 ) followed by decomplexation with I2. 2,2′-Bis[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl]propane ( 9 ) was also synthesized via a three-step reaction starting from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol ( 7a ) with 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene ( 10 ). 2,2′-Bis[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]propane ( 9 ) was polymerized by a Ni(0)-catalyzed reaction to yield amorphous aromatic polyethers with number-average molecular weights of up to 11,200 g/mol. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
24.
Hiroshi Yabu Kazutaka Koike Kiwamu Motoyoshi Takeshi Higuchi Masatsugu Shimomura 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2010,31(14):1267-1271
Au nanoparticles (NPs) and polymer composite particles with phase‐separation structures were prepared based on phase separation structures. Au NPs were successfully synthesized in amphiphilic block‐copolymer micelles, and then composite particles were formed by a simple solvent evaporation process from Au NPs and polymer solution. The phase separated structures (Janus and Core‐shell) were controlled by changing the combination of polymers having differing hydrophobicity.
25.
Takeshi Higuchi Kiwamu Motoyoshi Hidekazu Sugimori Hiroshi Jinnai Hiroshi Yabu Masatsugu Shimomura 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2010,31(20):1773-1778
Block copolymer nanopaticles were prepared from the mixture solutions containing good/poor solvents by a simple evaporation process. The block copolymers formed disorder, unidirectionally stacked lamellar, and onion‐like structures in nanoparticles depending on preparation temperatures. Thermal annealing induced the disorder‐order phase transition and order‐order phase transformation in the block copolymer nanoparticles, even though the annealing temperature is lower than the of one polymer segment. The unusual thermal behaviors suggest that the glass transition temperature of the block copolymer is decreased by the effect of nanoparticle, whose surface areas are larger than their volumes.
26.
Kiwamu Kase 《中国颗粒学报》2010,8(2)
Algorithms for detecting particle collision play an important role in the discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of granular flow systems since the time taken to detect the contact pairs usually occupies a considerable proportion of the total CPU time for the simulation. In this study, we developed a new octree algorithm called multi-octree algorithm, for detecting candidate contact pairs. The so-called multioctree algorithm adopts the topology of octree for detecting possible contacts, in which t... 相似文献
27.
Wei Wei Zhaolin Gu Sheng Wang Takeshi Fukuda Kiwamu Kase Jungmyoung Ju Yutaka Yamagata Yusuke Tajima 《中国颗粒学报》2013,11(1):20-24
Electrospray deposition(ESD) as a patterning method of nanoparticles deposited on a substrate has attracted much attention due to several advantages over other methods.However,obtaining an optimum ESD processing condition for nanoparticle pattern relies much on trial experiments because of the lack of reliable numerical simulation.In this study,the deposition characteristics of nanoparticle generated by electrospray were investigated by using a three-dimensional Lagrangian model.Three important process parameters,including solution dielectric constant,applied voltage and surface charge density on mask were considered by fixing the geometrical parameters of the ESD device.Simulation result showed that under the condition of without a mask,the spray diameter increases with increasing solvent dielectric constant,and higher applied voltage makes the spray area wider.Controllability of focusing by changing surface charge density on the mask was confirmed:higher surface charge density on the mask results in more focused deposition.Validity of the numerical simulation developed in this study was verified by comparison with experimental data. 相似文献
28.
[reaction: see text] A concise method for the preparation of isochromene carboxylates has been developed by the regioselective 1,6-addition of various nucleophiles such as Grignard reagents, alkoxide, and cyanide onto benzopyranylidenetungsten(0) complexes, followed by iodine oxidation of the addition intermediates. 相似文献
29.
Virgil Percec Shigeru Okita 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1992,30(6):1037-1049
This article describes the synthesis of a novel series of soluble polyarylenes containing alternating binapthylene and biphenylene structural units. They were obtained by the cation-radical polymerization of bis(1-naphthyl) biphenyls. The following monomers were synthesized and polymerized : 4,4′-bis(1-naphthyl) biphenyl ( 9 ), 3,3′-bis(1-naphthyl) biphenyl ( 10 ), 2,2′-bis(1-naphthyl)biphenyl ( 11 ), and 2,5-bis(1-naphthyl)biphenyl ( 14 ). All polymerizations were performed in nitrobenzene using FeCl3 as oxidant. Polymers with number average molecular weights of up to 4000 g/mol were obtained. 相似文献
30.