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101.
102.
A liquid pressure varifocus lens that consists of a thin polymer film and liquid is described. The lens can be continuously
changed from a concave to a convex shape by driving the liquid pressure in the lens. The dynamic range of the focal length
of the convex lens is from 50 to 250 mm. A beam spot verifies the variable focal function on a photographic film exposed by
a He-Ne laser. In addition, the application of the laser for processing is demonstrated to manufacture Fe compressed powder
sheets by normal pulse YAG laser. Its melting marks along a focus change are formed with a minimum width of 0.1 mm. 相似文献
103.
104.
Tatsuo Iwasa Fumio Tokunaga Thomas G. Ebrey Tru Yoshizawa 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1981,33(4):547-557
Abstract— The photoreaction of the artificial pigment synthesized from bacterioopsin and rrans-3,4-dehydro-retinal, [3,4-dehydro]bacteriorhodopsin ([3,4-deH]bRt ) was investigated with low temperature spectrophotometry.
The amount of batho-product formed from the light-adapted pigment of [3,4-deH]bR (designated as batho-[3,4-deH]bRt ) by irradiation at 77 K was much less than that from trans -bacteriorhodopsin (bRt ) and depends on temperature at irradiation of the sample. The kinetics of photoconversion of [3,4-deH]bRt to batho-[3,4-deH]bRt and that of its reversion were measured at several temperatures with a so-called "double Dewar system". The results showed that the photosensitivity of [3,4-deH]bRt was temperature dependent. When batho-[3,4-deH]bRt was warmed above 143 K, it was converted to lumi-[3,4-deH]bRt . Lumi-[3,4-deH]bRt was also produced by irradiation of [3,4-deH]bRt at 143 or 163 K. The maximum in the difference spectrum between lumi-[3,4-deH]bRt and [3,4-deH]bRt was located at about 540 nm. The irradiation of [3,4-deH]bRt at 183 K produced an intermediate analogous to meta-bRt , but under similar conditions bRt does not produce meta-bRt . These results indicate that intermediates of [3,4-deH]bRt are less stable than those of bRt .
The differences between bacteriorhodopsin and [3,4-dehydro]bacteriorhodopsin were discussed and compared with the differences between rhodopsin and [3,4-dehydro]rhodopsin. 相似文献
The amount of batho-product formed from the light-adapted pigment of [3,4-deH]bR (designated as batho-[3,4-deH]bR
The differences between bacteriorhodopsin and [3,4-dehydro]bacteriorhodopsin were discussed and compared with the differences between rhodopsin and [3,4-dehydro]rhodopsin. 相似文献
105.
Hideki Nakayama Okihiro Sugihara Hisashi Fujimura Ryoka Matsushima Naomichi Okamoto 《Optical Review》1995,2(4):236-238
Sol-gel processed poled silica films doped with novel nonlinear organic materials, thiazole azo dye (TA), are prepared in high concentration. Resonance enhanced second-order nonlinear optical coefficient of d33 = 154 pm/V is obtained from TA doped silica film (40 wt%) for the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. The value d33 is unvaried for at least 100 h under a high temperature condition (100°C) without any relaxation. Wavelength dependent second-order nonlinearity is also measured. 相似文献
106.
Akio Kishigami Noriko Sekiya Kazuo Yoshihara Reiko Hara Tomiyuki Hara Fumio Tokunaga 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1991,54(6):993-999
Abstract– Spectroscopic measurements of retinochrome and the related photoproduct, metaretino-chrome, were carried out to determine the conformation of the retinal and the protein. Absorption spectra with fourth derivatives indicate that the tryptophan residues are located in a hydrophobic core and that the environment around these residues does not change after light irradiation. Circular dichroism measurements indicate that retinochrome has a high helical content which is not altered by the conversion of retinochrome to metaretinochrome. Fourier transform infrared difference spectra demonstrate that retinochrome has the all-trans retinal and metaretinochrome has the 11-CM retinal. Retinochrome has an absorption due to amino acid residue(s) which changes in metaretinochrome. This work demonstrates that conformational changes are not induced during the conversion but the electrical charge(s) of the protein are changed by irradiation. 相似文献
107.
Mikio Kataoka Theodore W. Kahn Yutaka Tsujiuchi Donald M. Engelman Fumio Tokunaga 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1992,56(6):895-901
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR), a light-driven proton pump, consists of a bundle of seven membrane-spanning alpha-helices connected to each other by short extramembranous loops. Previously it has been shown that bR can be reconstituted from three fragments corresponding to the first helix, the second helix, and the remaining five helices, and that this reconstituted material reforms the native structure of bR. In this study, it is shown that the native function is also recovered. Low-temperature spectroscopy was used to examine the photochemical properties of bR reconstituted from three fragments. At room temperature at pH 6, the reconstituted material shows essentially the same absorption spectrum as native bR, while upon raising the pH at room temperature or cooling the sample in glycerol, a second, blue-shifted peak appears. The pH and temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum indicates that the reconstituted bR is in an equilibrium between two pigments, which we call P560 and P480. Both pigments convert to their own K intermediates, which differ in absorption maxima, upon illumination with green light at -180 degrees C. Each K intermediate can be reverted to its initial state by light. Similarly, both pigments convert to their own M intermediates upon irradiation with yellow light at -77 degrees C. The M intermediate of both species can be reverted only to P560 by light. Both pigments are therefore photoactive. These unique photochemical properties of bR reconstituted from three fragments may be attributable to the lack of a covalent linkage in the loop connecting the A and B helices, and thus possibly to a change in the orientation of the B helix. 相似文献
108.
Isobe T Fukuda K Yamaguchi K Seki H Tokunaga T Ishikawa T 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2000,65(23):7779-7785
Simple preparation methods of modified guanidines have been explored as potential chiral superbases. Thus, 3,7,8-trisubstituted and 3,6,7, 8-tetrasubstituted 1,4,6-triazabicyclooctene systems were prepared from (1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine through stepwise 2-chloro-1, 3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC)-induced cyclizations of protected thioureas to the corresponding 2-iminoimidazolidines and then of 2-(2-hydroxyethylimino)imidazolidines to the bicyclic systems. Linear guanidines with a 2-hydroxyethyl functional group were prepared by the reaction of carbodiimides with 2-amino alcohols. Reaction of linear-type guanidines with DMC followed by base treatment afforded 1,4-disubstitued 2-iminoimidazolidines. Furthermore, another type of 1,4,6-triazabicyclooctene was also prepared through double DMC-induced cyclization of guanidines with two 2-hydroxyethyl substituents. 相似文献
109.
[reaction: see text]. Highly regioselective, efficient, and substituent-tolerant anti-Markovnikov hydration of terminal alkynes occurs to give n-aldehyde by use of a catalytic amount of easily available cyclopentadienylruthenium complexes bearing appropriate bidentate or monodentate phosphine ligands. Typically, RuCpCl(dppm) (1 mol %) catalyzes the addition of water to 1-hexyne at 100 degrees C to give hexanal in 95% yield: 2-hexanone is not detected at all. 相似文献
110.
Tokunaga M Eckert M Wakatsuki Y 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1999,38(21):3222-3225
Without solvent and in the open air, the hydroamination of phenylacetylene with aniline in the presence of [Ru(3)(CO)(12)]/NH(4)PF(6) proceeds with high regioselectivity [Eq. (1)]. Simple distillation gives a product with greater than 99 % purity in an excellent yield. The application of this method to a new two-component reaction gives the important class of substances: the quinolines. 相似文献