Resolving the discrepancy of 135 MeV pd elastic scattering cross sections and relativistic effects

Three precise measurements for elastic pd scattering at 135 MeV/A have been performed with the three different experimental setups. The cross sections are described well by the theoretical predictions based on modern nucleon-nucleon forces combined with three-nucleon forces. Relativistic Faddeev calculations show that relativistic effects are restricted to backward angles. This result supports the two measurements recently reported by RIKEN and contradicts the KVI data.     

Observation of the Fano-Kondo antiresonance in a quantum wire with a side-coupled quantum dot

We have observed the Fano-Kondo antiresonance in a quantum wire with a side-coupled quantum dot. In a weak coupling regime, dips due to the Fano effect appeared. As the coupling strength increased, conductance in the regions between the dips decreased alternately. From the temperature dependence and the response to the magnetic field, we conclude that the conductance reduction is due to the Fano-Kondo antiresonance. At a Kondo valley with the Fano parameter q approximately 0, the phase shift is locked to pi/2 against the gate voltage when the system is close to the unitary limit in agreement with theoretical predictions by Gerland et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3710 (2000)].     

Determination of the chiral structure of [Formula: see text] using anomalous x-ray scattering near the Cs K absorption edge

A structural study of [Formula: see text], grown from aqueous solution, was performed using anomalous x-ray scattering near the Cs K absorption edge to determine an absolute configuration of constituent atoms. The sense of the helical structure of the [Formula: see text] chain was found to be predominantly right-handed through a comparison of observed Bragg Bijvoet ratios with calculated ones. Assuming that [Formula: see text] consists of the two domains (i.e. right- and left-handed helices), we estimate that the volume fraction for the right-handed helix is [Formula: see text].     

Structure determination of the Cu(0 0 1)–c(4 × 4)-Sn surface by low-energy electron diffraction

Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been used to determine the Cu(0 0 1)–c(4 × 4)-Sn structure formed at 300 K. It is demonstrated that a structural model suggested by scanning tunneling microscopy observations is correct: The model consists of one substitutional Sn atom and four Sn adatoms in the unit cell. Optimum parameters of the determined c(4 × 4) structure reveal that Sn adatoms laterally are displaced by 0.30 Å away from ideal fourfold-hollow sites along the 〈100〉 directions. It is proposed that such displacements of the Sn adatoms cause the formation of a network of octagonal rings on Cu(0 0 1). The substitutional Sn atom is located at each center of the octagonal rings. The formation conditions of the network are discussed.     

An energy-conserving Galerkin scheme for a class of nonlinear dispersive equations

A Galerkin scheme is presented for a class of conservative nonlinear dispersive equations, such as the Camassa–Holm equation and the regularized long wave equation. The scheme has two advantageous features: first, it is conservative in that it keeps the discrete analogue of the continuous energy conservation property in the original equations; second, it can be formulated only with cheap H¹$H^1$-elements even if the original equations include third derivative u_xxx$u_{\mathit{xxx}}$. Numerical experiments confirm the stability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

A glycine receptor is involved in the organization of swimming movements in an invertebrate chordate

Background  

Rhythmic motor patterns for locomotion in vertebrates are generated in spinal cord neural networks known as spinal Central Pattern Generators (CPGs). A key element in pattern generation is the role of glycinergic synaptic transmission by interneurons that cross the cord midline and inhibit contralaterally-located excitatory neurons. The glycinergic inhibitory drive permits alternating and precisely timed motor output during locomotion such as walking or swimming. To understand better the evolution of this system we examined the physiology of the neural network controlling swimming in an invertebrate chordate relative of vertebrates, the ascidian larva Ciona intestinalis.     

Local chemical state change in Co–O resistance random access memory

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) together with micro X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed for the stacking structure comprising of the transition metal oxide Co–O and metal electrode, which exhibits large reproducible resistance switching. The application of the external voltage by the C‐AFM cantilever decreases the resistance of Co–O, which well accords with the non‐polar forming process observed in the Pt/Co–O/Pt trilayer, known as the candidate of resistance random access memory (ReRAM). Furthermore, the KFM and micro XPS experimentally revealed that the local reductive reaction of Co–O possibly nucleates the defect related energy levels which dominates the current conduction in the low resistance state. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

2D computations of FREI with cool flames for n-heptane/air mixture

Two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical simulation reproduced flames with repetitive extinction and ignition (FREI) in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile with a stoichiometric n-heptane/air mixture, which have been observed in the experiment. The ignition of hot flame occurred from consumption reactions of CO that was remained in the previous cycle of FREI. Between extinction and ignition locations of hot flames, several other heat release rate peaks related to cool and blue flames were observed for the first time. After the extinction of the hot flame, cool flame by the low-temperature oxidation of n-heptane appeared first and was stabilized in a low wall temperature region. In the downstream of the stable cool flame, a blue flame by the consumption reactions of cool flame products of CH₂O and H₂O₂ appeared. After that, the hot flame ignition occurred from the remaining CO in the downstream of the blue flame. Then after the next hot flame ignition, the blue flame was swept away by the propagating hot flame. Soon before the hot flame merged with the stable cool flame, the hot flame propagation was intensified by the cool flame. After the hot flame merged with the stable cool flame, the hot flame reacted with the incoming fresh mixture of n-C₇H₁₆ and O₂.