Kinematic approach to the mixed state geometric phase in nonunitary evolution

A kinematic approach to the geometric phase for mixed quantal states in nonunitary evolution is proposed. This phase is manifestly gauge invariant and can be experimentally tested in interferometry. It leads to well-known results when the evolution is unitary.     

Cartan-decomposition subgroups of

For and , we give explicit, practical conditions that determine whether or not a closed, connected subgroup of has the property that there exists a compact subset of with . To do this, we fix a Cartan decomposition of , and then carry out an approximate calculation of for each closed, connected subgroup of .

     

Magnetic determination of H(c2) under accurate alignment in (TMTSF)2ClO4

Cantilever magnetometry has been used to measure the upper critical magnetic field H(c2) of the quasi-one-dimensional molecular organic superconductor (TMTSF)2ClO4. From simultaneous resistivity and torque magnetization experiments conducted under precise field alignment, H(c2) at low temperature is shown to reach 5 T, nearly twice the Pauli paramagnetic limit imposed on spin singlet superconductors. These results constitute the first thermodynamic evidence for a large H(c2) in this system and provide support for spin triplet pairing in this unconventional superconductor.     

Consistent resolution of possible anomalies in B0-->phi K(S) and B+ --> eta'K+ Decays

In the framework of R-parity violating (R(p)) supersymmetry, we try to find a consistent explanation for both recently measured CP asymmetry in B0 --> phi K(S) decay and the large branching ratio of B+/- --> eta'K+/- decay, which are inconsistent with the standard model (SM) prediction. We also investigate other charmless hadronic B -- >PP and B --> VP decay modes whose experimental data favor the SM: for instance, recently measured CP asymmetries in B0 --> eta(')K(S) and B0 -- >J/Psi K(S). We find that all the observed data can be accommodated for certain values of R(p) couplings.     

Thermal-noise effect on the transition to Rayleigh-Bénard convection

We report measurements of fluctuation and roll patterns near the transition to Rayleigh-Bénard convection which are consistent with a fluctuation-induced first-order transition, as predicted by Swift and Hohenberg. Above onset, we find convection rolls with noise-induced fluctuations, time-dependent amplitude modulation and roll undulation, and homogeneous dislocation nucleation.     

Vibration characteristics of piezoelectric torsional transducers

The vibrational characteristics of Langevin-type torsional transducers, which consist of two piezoelectric torsional disks and two elastic blocks, are studied theoretically and experimentally in this paper. The differential equations of piezoelectric torsional motions are derived in terms of the circumferential displacement and the electric potential. Solutions of the boundary-value problem yield the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the transducers, and the natural frequencies are verified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental ones. The theoretical results enable one to quantitatively predict the effect of the elastic blocks on the reduction of the natural frequencies of a Langevin-type torsional transducer.     

Observation of geometric phases for mixed states using NMR interferometry

Examples of geometric phases abound in many areas of physics. They offer both fundamental insights into many physical phenomena and lead to interesting practical implementations. One of them, as indicated recently, might be an inherently fault-tolerant quantum computation. This, however, requires one to deal with geometric phases in the presence of noise and interactions between different physical subsystems. Despite the wealth of literature on the subject of geometric phases very little is known about this very important case. Here we report the first experimental study of geometric phases for mixed quantum states. We show how different they are from the well-understood, noiseless, pure-state case.     

Influences of Heating Condition and Substrate-Surface Roughness on the Characteristics of Sol-Gel-Derived Hydroxyapatite Coatings

A prepared transparent HA solution was coated on Ti6Al4V substrates by a spin-coating technique. The crystallization of the sol-gel-derived HA coated on the metallic substrates could be done at relatively low firing temperatures (as low as 600°C). The characteristics of the HA-coated layer were dependent on the surface roughness of substrates and heating conditions such as firing temperature, holding time, heating rate, and atmosphere. The heat treatment at a slow heating rate (<2°C/min.) and a long heating time (>10 hrs) at 600°C in air produced the uniform surface and improved the crystallinity. The HA layer coated on 20 m grit-blasted substates was more uniform and had fever cracks after firing, compared with that coated on 100 m grit-blasted rougher substrates.     

Equivalence Bimodule Between Non-Commutative Tori

The non-commutative torus C ^*(ⁿ,) is realized as the C*-algebra of sections of a locally trivial C*-algebra bundle over S with fibres isomorphic to C ^*n/S, ₁) for a totally skew multiplier ₁ on ⁿ/S. D. Poguntke [9] proved that A is stably isomorphic to C(S) C(^*( Zⁿ/S, ₁) C(S) A M_kl( C) for a simple non-commutative torus A and an integer kl. It is well-known that a stable isomorphism of two separable C*-algebras is equivalent to the existence of equivalence bimodule between them. We construct an A-C(S) A-equivalence bimodule.