Observation of competing order in a high-Tc superconductor using femtosecond optical pulses

We present studies of the photoexcited quasiparticle dynamics in Tl(2)Ba(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(y) (Tl-2223) using femtosecond optical techniques. Deep into the superconducting state (below 40 K), a dramatic change occurs in the temporal dynamics associated with photoexcited quasiparticles rejoining the condensate. This is suggestive of entry into a coexistence phase which, as our analysis reveals, opens a gap in the density of states (in addition to the superconducting gap), and furthermore, competes with superconductivity resulting in a depression of the superconducting gap.     

Optimized precursor ion selection for labile ions in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and its impact on quantification using selected reaction monitoring

The fragmentation of fragile ions during the application of an isolation waveform for precursor ion selection and the resulting loss of isolated ion intensity is well‐known in ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). To obtain adequate ion intensity in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of fragile precursor ions, a wider ion isolation width is required. However, the increased isolation width significantly diminishes the selectivity of the channels chosen for SRM, which is a serious problem for samples with complex matrices. The sensitive and selective quantification of many lipid molecules, including ceramides from real biological samples, using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is also hindered by the same problem because of the ease of water loss from protonated ceramide ions. In this study, a method for the reliable quantification of ceramides using SRM with near unity precursor ion isolation has been developed for ITMS by utilizing alternative precursor ions generated by in‐source dissociation. The selected precursor ions allow the isolation of ions with unit mass width and the selective analysis of ceramides using SRM with negligible loss of sensitivity. The quantification of C18:0‐, C24:0‐ and C24:1‐ceramides using the present method shows excellent linearity over the concentration ranges from 6 to 100, 25 to 1000 and 25 to 1000 nM, respectively. The limits of detection of C18:0‐, C24:0‐ and C24:1‐ceramides were 0.25, 0.25 and 5 fmol, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to quantify ceramides in fetal bovine serum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pd‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 4‐Aza‐1,6‐enynes to 3‐Aza‐bicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐enes

A method for the synthesis of bicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes from 1,6‐enynes through Pd‐catalyzed cycloisomerization has been developed. N‐ and O‐tethered 1,6‐enynes were successfully transformed to their corresponding 3‐aza‐ and 3‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes in reasonable‐to‐high yields using the catalysts [PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂]/P(OPh)₃ or [Pd(maleimidate)₂(PPh₃)₂] in toluene. The computational calculations using density functional theory indicate that [PdCl₂{P(OPh)₃}] in the oxidation state Pd^II acts as the active catalyst species for the formation of 3‐azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes through 6‐endo‐dig cyclization.     

ZnSe-石墨烯/TiO_2声催化剂上罗丹明B降解与反应氧物种生成(英文)

Nanostructured ZnSe-graphene/TiO2 was synthesized by a hydrothermal-assisted approach. ZnSe-graphene/TiO2 exhibited favorable adsorption of rhodamine B, a wide wavelength absorption range, and efficient charge separation. Reactive oxygen species were generated by the oxidation of 1,5-diphenyl carbazide to 1,5-diphenyl carbazone. The sonocatalytic reaction mechanism was pro-posed. These findings potentially broaden the applications of sonocatalytic technologies.     

Whole-Cell Photoenzymatic Cascades to Synthesize Long-Chain Aliphatic Amines and Esters from Renewable Fatty Acids

Long-chain aliphatic amines such as (S,Z)-heptadec-9-en-7-amine and 9-aminoheptadecane were synthesized from ricinoleic acid and oleic acid, respectively, by whole-cell cascade reactions using the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Micrococcus luteus, an engineered amine transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis (Vf-ATA), and a photoactivated decarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (Cv-FAP) in a one-pot process. In addition, long chain aliphatic esters such as 10-(heptanoyloxy)dec-8-ene and octylnonanoate were prepared from ricinoleic acid and oleic acid, respectively, by using the combination of the ADH, a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase variant from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, and the Cv-FAP. The target compounds were produced at rates of up to 37 U g⁻¹ dry cells with conversions up to 90 %. Therefore, this study contributes to the preparation of industrially relevant long-chain aliphatic chiral amines and esters from renewable fatty acid resources.     

沉积物中壬基苯酚类雌性激素化合物的加速溶剂提取方法研究

为了同时提取和检测沉积物中的雌性激素化合物对壬基苯酚(NP)、对壬基苯酚一乙氧醚(NP1EO)和对壬基苯酚二乙氧醚(NP2EO),对加速溶剂提取体系的各种条件和对壬基苯酚类化合物的硅烷基化反应条件等进行了优化。在丙酮和丙酮-二氯甲烷混合液(丙酮含量≥60%)介质中,这些化合物的硅烷基化反应很快达到反应终点。加速溶剂提取体系的最佳提取条件是120℃、8.4MPa、两次循环提取;最佳提取溶剂是二氯甲烷。与索氏提取和酸化悬浮液液提取比较,明显提高了提取率、重现性和准确性。平均添标回收率在89.3%~95.7%之间,相对标准偏差为2.3%~13.4%。本方法对壬基苯酚、对壬基苯酚一乙氧醚和对壬基苯酚二乙氧醚化合物的检出限分别为10、30、35ng/gdw(干重)。     

Comparative analysis of bias in the collection of airborne pollutants: Tests on major aromatic VOC using three types of sorbent-based methods

This study was undertaken to establish one of the most reliable sampling methods and to precisely evaluate the bias involved in the collection of airborne pollutant samples. For the purpose of our study, we investigated the performance of three different types of sampling techniques by measuring major aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) in outdoor air; the target analytes specifically include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (commonly called BTEX). As the first step of our approach, we designed and developed a multi-channel sampling system consisting of a six-port mass flow controller (SJU-MFC) system. Because this system allowed the collection of up to six replicate samples, our measurement results were analyzed and screened statistically for the derivation of high-quality BTEX data. The feasibility of this sampling system was further tested through a comparison with concurrent measurement data sets obtained by two additional, but independent, sampling techniques: (1) automatic continuous sampler (ACS) and (2) on-line GC (O-GC) system. Based on the data sets collected concurrently by three different sampling methods, we attempted to evaluate the compatibility of sampling techniques. Although the results obtained by SJU-MFC system were not statistically different from those of the O-GC system, they were moderately distinguishable from those of ACS. Such patterns were seen consistently, when examined by correlation analysis. The overall results of our study thus generally point out that the compatibility of data sets, when the proper caution is taken, improve significantly among different sampling methodologies.     

Soft‐Chemical Exfoliation Route to Layered Cobalt Oxide Monolayers and Its Application for Film Deposition and Nanoparticle Synthesis

A colloidal suspension of exfoliated, layered cobalt oxide nanosheets has been synthesized through the intercalation of quaternary tetramethylammonium ions into protonated lithium cobalt oxide. According to atomic force microscopy, exfoliated nanosheets of layered cobalt oxide show a plateau‐like height profile with nanometer‐level height, underscoring the formation of unilamellar 2D nanosheets. The exfoliation of layered cobalt oxide was cross‐confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The maintenance of the hexagonal in‐plane structure of the cobalt oxide lattice after the exfoliation process was evidenced by selected‐area electron diffraction and Co K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis. The zeta‐potential measurements clearly demonstrated the negative surface charge of cobalt oxide nanosheets. Adopting the nanosheets of layered cobalt oxide as a precursor, we were able to prepare the monodisperse CoO nanocrystals with a particle size of ≈10 nm as well as the heterolayered film composed of cobalt oxide monolayer and polycation.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of nucleic acid components in silver sol: Uracil and its derivatives

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of uracil, uridine, 2′-deoxyuridine and 5′-rUMP adsorbed on aqueous silver sol was investigated. Uracil was found to adsorb as the N-3 deprotonated form, which underwent a reorientation from the situation where the base was perpendicular to the surface to the situation where the base lay flat on the surface as the surface charge was made more negative. The N-3 deprotonated molecules of uridine, 2′-deoxyuridine and 5′-rUMP were found to lie flat on the silver surface regardless of the bulk concentration and the silver surface charge.