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991.
Yang H. C. 《显形杂志》2007,10(1):83-89
Motionless mixers have found a large range of applications, including blending, reaction, dispersion, heat transfer and mass
transfer. Understanding the mixing processes that occur in these diverse systems is essential for predicting many aspects
of practical importance. The objective of this study is to perform the experimental investigations of mixing characteristics
for three different motionless mixers. The red color dye tracer was mixed in the main stream of green hair styling gel, and
then the mixing efficiency was quantified by calculating the percentage area concentration of red color at the outlet cross
section using a digital image processing technique. In the Sulzer SMX and YHC mixer, a single element mixes the fluid nearly
in two dimensions, and three-dimensional mixing is accomplished by the next elements aligned at 90o to their former one. In
the Sulzer SMX mixer, the flow appears to be globally well mixed after 5 elements, while in the YHC and YNU mixers, it is
necessary to globally well mix more than 1 and 2 elements. 相似文献
992.
R. Arnaldi R. Averbeck K. Banicz J. Castor B. Chaurand C. Cicalo A. Colla P. Cortese S. Damjanovic A. David A. De Falco A. Devaux A. Drees L. Ducroux H. En’yo A. Ferretti M. Floris A. Foerster P. Force N. Guettet A. Guichard H. Gulkanian J. Heuser M. Keil L. Kluberg J. Lozano C. Lourenço F. Manso A. Masoni P. Martins A. Neves H. Ohnishi C. Oppedisano P. Parracho P. Pillot G. Puddu E. Radermacher P. Ramalhete P. Rosinsky E. Scomparin J. Seixas S. Serci R. Shahoyan P. Sonderegger H.J. Specht R. Tieulent G. Usai R. Veenhof H.K. Wöhri 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2007,49(1):235-241
The NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS has studied low-mass muon pairs in 158 A GeV In–In collisions. A strong excess of pairs
is observed above the yield expected from neutral meson decays. The unprecedented sample size close to 400000 events and the
good mass resolution of about 2% made it possible to isolate the excess by subtraction of the decay sources. The shape of
the resulting mass spectrum shows some non-trivial centrality dependence, but is largely consistent with a dominant contribution
from π+π-→ϱ→μ+μ- annihilation. The associated ϱ spectral function exhibits considerable broadening, but essentially no shift in mass. The
pT-differential mass spectra show the excess to be much stronger at low pT than at high pT. The results are compared to theoretical model predictions; they tend to rule out models linking hadron masses directly to
the chiral condensate.
PACS 25.75.-q; 12.38.Mh; 13.85.Qk 相似文献
993.
C.G. Papadopoulos M. Worek 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2007,50(4):843-856
We present an alternative method to calculate cross sections for multi-parton scattering processes in the standard model at
leading order. The helicity amplitudes are computed using recursion relations in the number of particles, based on the Dyson–Schwinger
equations, whereas the summation over colour and helicity configurations is performed by Monte Carlo methods. The computational
cost of our algorithm grows asymptotically as 3n, where n is the number of particles involved in the process, as opposed to the n!-growth of the Feynman diagram approach.
Typical results for the total cross section, the differential distributions of the invariant masses and the transverse momenta
of the partons are presented and cross checked by explicit summation over colours. 相似文献
994.
N. Jiten Singh Adriana C. Olleta Anupriya Kumar Mina Park Hai-Bo Yi Indrajit Bandyopadhyay Han Myoung Lee P. Tarakeshwar Kwang S. Kim 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2006,115(2-3):127-135
In earlier studies, the interactions of isolated ionic species with various solvents were investigated using ab initio calculations.
The ionic species investigated included cations (proton, hydronium, ammonium, and metal cations) and anions (single electron,
hydroxide, and halide anions). However in the present study, we investigate the interactions of these ionic species with the
solvent in the presence of other competing ionic species. We also elaborate on how the information obtained from these extensive
studies have been employed in designing and synthesizing various kinds of novel ionophores and receptors. 相似文献
995.
P. J. Bream J. J. Lim S. Bull A. V. Andrianov S. Sujecki E. C. Larkins 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2006,38(12-14):1019-1027
We describe the inclusion of nonequilibrium gain into a self-consistent 2.5D CW spectral laser diode model and report on the use of this model to investigate the origin of gain compression in a 975 nm high-brightness tapered QW laser diode. Nonequilibrium gain is calculated using a dynamic gain model, which simulates the dynamic relaxation of the quantum well carrier energy distributions under the influence of steady-state electrical and optical excitation. Calculated gain and spontaneous emission spectra are included in the laser model via parameterised look up tables. Both simulated and experimentally measured intracavity spontaneous emission spectra show an increased carrier density and a blue-shift of the gain maximum with increasing bias caused by carrier heating and spectral hole burning. The accurate incorporation of nonequilibrium gain compression is therefore vital for the accurate prediction of the operating characteristics of these devices and for the experimental determination of the active region temperature. 相似文献
996.
Polycrystalline perovskite La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 was synthesized by a sol–gel method. Its adiabatic temperature change ΔTad induced by a magnetic field change was measured directly. At 268 K, near its Curie temperature TC, ΔTad of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 induced by a magnetic field change of 2.02 T reaches 2.4 K. The latent heat Q and magnetic entropy change −ΔSM induced by a magnetic field change were calculated from the temperature dependence of ΔTad and zero-field heat capacity Cp. The maximum values of Q and −ΔSM in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 induced by a magnetic field change of 2.02 T are 1.85 J g−1 and 6.9 J kg−1 K−1, respectively. The former is larger than the phase transition latent heat of heating or cooling, which is about 1.70 J g−1. 相似文献
997.
Vowel intelligibility during singing is an important aspect of communication during performance. The intelligibility of isolated vowels sung by Western classically trained singers has been found to be relatively low, in fact, decreasing as pitch rises, and it is lower for women than for men. The lack of contextual cues significantly deteriorates vowel intelligibility. It was postulated in this study that the reduced intelligibility of isolated sung vowels may be partly from the vowels used by the singers in their daily vocalises. More specifically, if classically trained singers sang only a few American English vowels during their vocalises, their intelligibility for American English vowels would be less than for those classically trained singers who usually vocalize on most American English vowels. In this study, there were 21 subjects (15 women, 6 men), all Western classically trained performers as well as teachers of classical singing. They sang 11 words containing 11 different American English vowels, singing on two pitches a musical fifth apart. Subjects were divided into two groups, those who normally vocalize on 4, 5, or 6 vowels, and those who sing all 11 vowels during their daily vocalises. The sung words were cropped to isolate the vowels, and listening tapes were created. Two listening groups, four singing teachers and five speech-language pathologists, were asked to identify the vowels intended by the singers. Results suggest that singing fewer vowels during daily vocalises does not decrease intelligibility compared with singing the 11 American English vowels. Also, in general, vowel intelligibility was lower with the higher pitch, and vowels sung by the women were less intelligible than those sung by the men. Identification accuracy was about the same for the singing teacher listeners and the speech-language pathologist listeners except for the lower pitch, where the singing teachers were more accurate. 相似文献
998.
The crystal structure of a novel ferrocene derivative with potential flame-retardant/smoke-suppressant activity, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-2-endo-ferrocenyl-hydroxymethyl-3-endo-hydroxymethyl-5-norbornene, has been determined. Some of the carbon–carbon bonds within the chlorendic residue are unusually long, and there is no interaction between the hydroxyl groups and the iron atom. There is evidence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the two hydroxyl groups. 相似文献
999.
We consider a SA-SA' critical point in the presence of a symmetry-breaking external magnetic (electric) field with a positive magnetic (dielectric) anisotropy or a dislocation layer. Via a renormalization group analysis of the model hamiltonian, we show that the upper critical dimensions below which mean-field theory breaks down is dc = 2·5. Thus the SA-SA' transition in three dimensions becomes mean-field like in the presence of a symmetry-breaking field. We estimate the reduced temperature region where we can expect to see the mean field SA-SA' critical point in the presence of a magnetic field or a dislocation layer. 相似文献
1000.
P. Lugli C. Erlen A. Pecchia F. Brunetti L. Latessa A. Bolognesi G. Csaba G. Scarpa A. di Carlo 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,87(3):593-598
Molecular devices have lately attracted increased attention due to some appealing features such as their low production cost,
flexibility in the substrate choice, possibility of large area deployment, and possibly higher integration capabilities. Starting
from a series of results obtained from our groups, we critically review the state-of-the-art in the field of simulation of
organic and molecular systems, by analyzing and comparing existing approaches, and looking at the open problems and possible
solutions and future developments.
PACS 72.80.Le 相似文献