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201.
202.
The finite-difference method is a numerical technique for obtaining approximate solutions to differential equations. The main
objective of the present study is to give a new aspect to the finite-difference method by using a variational derivative.
By applying this formulation, accurate values of the buckling loads of beams and frames with various end supports are obtained.
The performance of this formulation is verified by comparison with numerical examples in the literature
__________
Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 139–144, July 2005. 相似文献
203.
L. B. Beinenson 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2005,129(2):3730-3756
For an arbitrary poset H and measure ρ on H × R (where R is the real axis), we construct a monotone decreasing stochastic field ηρ and compute its finite-dimensional distributions. In the case where H is a Λ-semilattice and the measure ρ satisfies additional conditions, we compute various characteristics of the field ηρ such as the expectation of the field value at a point, variance of the field value at a point, and correlation function of the field. The described construction of random fields gives a new method for constructing positive definite functions on posets. Bibliography: 6 titles.__________Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 301, 2003, pp. 92–143. 相似文献
204.
A. Peláiz-Barranco O. García-Zaldívar F. Calderón-Piñar 《Solid State Communications》2005,133(8):515-519
The Ac behaviour of PLZT 6/80/20 ferroelectric ceramics was analyzed around and above the phase transition. Two relaxation processes are identified, showing that the so-called ‘universal relaxation law’ holds for the ceramics. A critical point in the values of the Ac conductivity, around the temperature corresponding to the maximum of the dielectric losses, is observed below the transition temperature due to the relaxor behaviour. The frequency dependence of the Ac conductivity at various temperatures and the hysteresis loops show classical relaxor behaviour with a diffuse phase transition. 相似文献
205.
206.
A. B. Mitkevich 《Mechanics of Composite Materials》2005,41(6):497-504
Errors in the programs of winding pressure vessels can lead to an asymmetric reinforcement structure, which affects the equilibrium
shape of their domes and the tension in the left and right families of filaments. In this paper, equations determining the
equilibrium shape of the domes, the tension in filaments, and the shear stresses between layers are obtained. Examples with
winding trajectories in the form of geodesics and constant-deviation lines are considered. It is found that, for pressure
vessels, in the absence of external torque, the tension levels in filaments of the left and right families differ considerably.
It is also revealed that, for actual friction coefficients in winding, the shear stresses taken up by the binder are insignificant.
__________
Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 743–752, November–December, 2005. 相似文献
207.
208.
209.
Morey Timothy E. Varshney Manoj Flint Jason A. Seubert Christoph N. Smith W. Brit Bjoraker David G. Shah Dinesh O. Dennis Donn M. 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2004,6(2):159-170
Background: Although microemulsion-based nanoparticles (MEs) may be useful for drug delivery or scavenging, these benefits must be balanced against potential nanotoxicological effects in biological tissue (bio-nano interface). We investigated the actions of assembled MEs and their individual components at the bio-nano interface of thrombosis and hemolysis in human blood.
Methods: Oil-in-water MEs were synthesized using ethylbutyrate, sodium caprylate, and pluronic F-68 (ME4) or F-127 (ME6) in 0.9% NaClw/v. The effects of MEs or components on thrombosis were determined using thrombo-elastography, platelet contractile force, clot elastic modulus, and platelet counting. For hemolysis, ME or components were incubated with erythrocytes, centrifuged, and washed for measurement of free hemoglobin by spectroscopy.
Results and conclusions: The mean particle diameters (polydispersity index) for ME6 and ME4 were 23.6 ± 2.5 nm (0.362) and 14.0 ± 1.0 nm (0.008), respectively. MEs (0, 0.03, 0.3, 3 mM) markedly reduced the thromboelastograph maximal amplitude in a concentration-dependent manner (49.0 ± 4.2, 39.0 ± 5.6, 15.0 ± 8.7, 3.8 ± 1.3 mm, respectively), an effect highly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with similar changes caused by pluronic surfactants (48.7 ± 10.9, 30.7 ± 15.8, 20.0 ± 11.3, 2.0 ± 0.5) alone. Neither oil nor sodium caprylate alone affected the thromboelastograph. The clot contractile force was reduced by ME (27.3 ± 11.1–6.7 ± 3.4 kdynes/cm2, P = 0.02, n = 5) whereas the platelet population not affected (175 ± 28–182 ± 23 106/ml, P = 0.12, n = 6). This data suggests that MEs reduced platelet activity due to associated pluronic surfactants, but caused minimal changes in protein function necessary for coagulation. Although pharmacological concentrations of sodium caprylate caused hemolysis (EC50 = 213 mM), MEs and pluronic surfactants did not disrupt erythrocytes. Knowledge of nanoparticle activity and potential associated nanotoxicity at this bio-nano interface enables rational ME design for in vivo applications. 相似文献
210.
V. S. Berezinsky 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2003,66(3):423-434
About 400 years have passed since the great discoveries by Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, but astronomy still remains an important source of discoveries in physics. They start with puzzles, with phenomena difficult to explain, and phenomena which in fact need new physics for explanation. Do such puzzles exist now? There are at least three candidates: absence of absorption of TeV gamma radiation in extragalactic space (violation of Lorentz invariance?), absence of GZK cutoff in the spectrum of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (new particle physics?), tremendous energy (up to 1054 erg) released in gamma ray bursts on a time scale of a second (collapsing stars or sources of a new type?). Do these puzzles really exist? A critical review of these phenomena is given. 相似文献