A linearized vector radiative transfer model for atmospheric trace gas retrieval

We present a plane parallel radiative transfer model for polarized light, that provides the intensity vector as well as the derivatives of the four Stokes parameters with respect to atmospheric trace gas profiles. These derivatives are essential for retrieval of height resolved trace gas information from satellite measurements of backscattered sunlight. The model uses the Gauss-Seidel iteration technique for solving the radiative transfer equation. For the first time, the forward-adjoint radiative perturbation theory is applied for the linearization of a radiative transfer model including polarization. The accuracy of the model is better than 0.025% for all four Stokes parameters and better than 0.03% for the derivatives.     

Account of Thermal Flow Through Metal-Semimetal BiSb Contact Boundary for Determination of EHF Detector Volt-Watt Sensitivity

Bismuth, antimony and its alloys are the typical representatives of a class of semimetals, which electric conductance is lower in 10²-10³ times, than of usual well conducting an electrical current metals. The alloys bismuth with antimony have semi-conductor properties in wide area of compositions at temperatures below 77 °K. The semimetals are rather perspective materials from the point of view of their probable application in various devices [1,2,3].In present time the semimetal alloys BiSb have wide application in thermoelectric generators and refrigerators. In work [3] the opportunity of use of semimetals BiSb with percentage content of Bi and Sb from 8 % up to 25 % was shown as high-sensitivity and of small inertion indicators of the mm range radiation where thermoelectric effect is used. The principle of action of such indicators is based on occurrence of temperature gradient in a semimetal crystal BiSb that has two contacts of the various area with flowing electrical current. Basic element of such device is the dot contact metal - semimetal. One of the main characteristics is volt-watt sensitivity of metal-semimetal BiSb contact which calculating is shown in present work.     

A physical interpretation of the discrete ambiguities in the optical potential for composite particles

It is shown that the appearance of discrete ambiguities in the optical potential of composite particles is caused by the existence of partly Pauli-forbidden states. The given interpretation is tested in the case ofα-⁵⁸Ni scattering atE _α=50.2 MeV where seven different optical potentials give satisfactory agreement with experiment.     

Speech deterioration in postlingually deafened adults

Postlinngually deafened adults reading the Rainbow Passage differed from hearing-control subjects in producing greater pitch variability and mean pitch on stressed and unstressed vowels, greater fluctuations in pitch within sentences, less correlation of intrinsic pitch with vowel height and slower temporal parameters. When reading the Phonetic Inventory Sentences, they revealed less differentiation of place of articulation in fricative and plosive consonants. The present findings, taken together with those of longitudinal and implant studies, are applied to constraining models of the role of self hearing in the elaboration of speech.     

Asymptotic expansions for Markov processes with lévy generators

This paper considers a deterministic flow inn-dimensional space, perturbed by a Markov jump process with small variance. Asymptotic expansions are obtained for certain functionals of Feynman—Kac type, in powers of a small parameter representing a noise intensity. The methods are analytical rather than probabilistic.The research of the first author was partly supported by AFOSR under Contract No. 91-0116-0, by ONR under Contract No. N0014-83-K-0542, and by the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications with funds provided by the NSF and ONR. The second author's research was partly supported by NSF under Contract No. DMS-8702537, and by the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications with funds provided by the NSF and ONR.     

Algorithm for nonlinear digital filtering of harmonic filling of phase-shift keyed signals

In this work, we propose a method for nonlinear digital filtering of phase-shift keyed signals with different carrier frequencies on the basis of separating the phase discontinuities of the input signals. The method allows one to avoid compensation for unknown frequency shift in the problems of determining the time delay of signals in the case of multichannel propagation. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for the signals which are short informative packages with the phase-shift keying against the noise background in the presence of the Doppler effect. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp. 704–711, August 2006.     

Self-assembly of a linear mesoscale tetramer with electrical connectivity

Capillary interaction-based self-assembly of block-shaped mesoscale components into an electrically interconnected 1-D tetramer is reported. Low melting point solder droplets, selectively patterned on the faces of the blocks, were employed to drive the sequential alignment, registration, linking and electrical interconnection of each block. The solder patterns were designed so that successful assembly would only occur when the solder patterns on one block face were correctly aligned with those on the face of an adjacent block. For assembly, the blocks were agitated in a flask containing KBr solution. At 60 °C the solder was molten, and collisions between blocks enabled the solder menisci to easily interact. To minimize interfacial free energy, the menisci coalesced and quickly drove the interacting blocks to form a stable, registered and aligned assembly. When agitation was terminated and the solution cooled, the self-aligned, linear tetrameric arrangement of blocks was permanently captured by solder solidification, a process that provided good mechanical bonding and electrical interconnection between each block. PACS 81.16.Dn; 68.03.Cd; 85.40.-e