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61.
Through NMR spectroscopic monitoring of barbituric acid addition to carbodiimide, a general synthetic procedure for the preparation of 5-diaminomethylenebarbiturates (DABA) was developed. This procedure is very simple and applicable to the preparation of large quantities of DABA derivatives. Through an X-ray structural study of one of the DABA derivatives, it was established that these compounds have an ylide-type structure with strong charge separation within the molecule. 相似文献
62.
Zhang X Hines W Adamec J Asara JM Naylor S Regnier FE 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2005,16(7):1181-1191
An algorithm is presented for the generation of a reliable peptide component peak table from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and subsequent quantitative analysis of stable isotope coded peptide samples. The method uses chemical noise filtering, charge state fitting, and deisotoping toward improved analysis of complex peptide samples. Overlapping peptide signals in mass spectra were deconvoluted by correlation with modeled peptide isotopic peak profiles. Isotopic peak profiles for peptides were generated in silico from a protein database producing reference model distributions. Doublets of heavy and light labeled peak clusters were identified and compared to provide differential quantification of pairs of stable isotope coded peptides. Algorithms were evaluated using peptides from digests of a single protein and a seven-protein mixture that had been differentially coded with stable isotope labeling agents and mixed in known ratios. The experimental results correlated well with known mixing ratios. 相似文献
63.
Proteins with molecular mass (M(r)) <20 kDa are often poorly separated in 2-D sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, low-M(r) proteins may not be readily identified using peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) owing to the small number of peptides generated in tryptic digestion. In this work, we used a 2-D liquid separation method based on chromatofocusing and non-porous silica reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to purify proteins for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric (MALDI-TOFMS) analysis and protein identification. Several proteins were identified using the PMF method where the result was supported using an accurate M(r) value obtained from electrospray ionization TOFMS. However, many proteins were not identified owing to an insufficient number of peptides observed in the MALDI-TOF experiments. The small number of peptides detected in MALDI-TOFMS can result from internal fragmentation, the few arginines in its sequence and incomplete tryptic digestion. MALDI-QTOFMS/MS can be used to identify many of these proteins. The accurate experimental M(r) and pI confirm identification and aid in identifying post-translational modifications such as truncations and acetylations. In some cases, high-quality MS/MS data obtained from the MALDI-QTOF spectrometer overcome preferential cleavages and result in protein identification. 相似文献
64.
Carl Bender Fred Cooper L. M. Simmons Jr. Pinaki Roy Greg Kilcup 《Journal of statistical physics》1991,64(1-2):395-428
We discuss the randomly driven systemdx/dt= -W(x) +f(t), wheref(t) is a Gaussian random function or stirring force withf(t)f(t)=2(t–t), andW(x) is of the formgx
1+2. The parameter is a measure of the nonlinearity of the equation. We show how to obtain the correlation functionsx(t)f(t)···x(t(
n))
f
as a power series in. We obtain three terms in the expansion and show how to use Padé approximants to analytically continue the answer in the variable. By using scaling relations, we show how to get a uniform approximation to the equal-time correlation functions valid for allg and. 相似文献
65.
We consider global solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
相似文献
66.
The thermally stable solids Re2(CO)8[μ-InRe(CO)5]2 and Re4(CO)12[μ3-InRe(CO)5]4 could be obtained by treatment of In with Re2(CO)10 in a bomb tube. A mechanism of the formation of the latter cluster from the first one is proposed. Compared with Re2(CO)8[μ-InRe(CO)5]2, Re4(CO)12[μ3_InRe(CO)5]4 shows in polar solvents an unusual high stability, which can be explained by the higher coordination number of In with rhenium carbonyl ligands. Re4(CO)12-[μ3-InRe(CO)5]4 dissolves monomerically in acetone, where as Re2(CO)8[μ-InRe(CO)5]2 dissociates yielding Re(CO)5? anions. Single-crystal X-ray analyses of Re4(CO)12[μ3-InRe(CO)5]4 establish the metal skeleton. The central molecular fragment Re4(CO)12 contains a tetrahedral arrangement of four bonded Re atoms [ReRe 302.8 (5) pm]. The triangles of this fragment are capped with a μ3-InRe(CO)5 group each [InRe(terminal) 273.5 (7) pm; InRe (polyhedral) 281.8 (7) pm]. The bridging type of In atoms with the Re4 tetrahedron and the metal skeleton was realized for the first time. By treating Re4(CO)12[μ3-InRe(CO)5]4 with Br2 the existence of Re(CO)5 ligands could be proved by isolating BrRe(CO)5. 相似文献
67.
The effects of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, physical and sensory qualities of diced tomatoes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anuradha Prakash Jacqueline Manley Suresh DeCosta Fred Caporaso Denise Foley 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》2002,63(3-6):387-390
Diced Roma tomatoes were treated with gamma irradiation and evaluated for changes in microbial, physical, chemical and sensory properties. Dosages for Trial 1 were 0.0, 0.39, 0.56 and 1.82 kGy and in Trial 2, 0.0, 0.50, 1.24 and 3.70 kGy. Irradiation at 3.70 kGy resulted in no aerobic populations through day 12 and significantly fewer colonies through day 15 whereas yeast and mold populations experienced a 2 log reduction through day 12. Color, titratable acidity, and °Brix were not significantly affected by irradiation. Tissue firmness decreased with increasing dose but not with storage time. Treatment with 3.7 kGy decreased firmness by 50% and 20% with 0.5 kGy, however, the reduced firmness induced by 0.50 kGy was undetected by a 9 member trained sensory panel. A significant (p0.05) inverse correlation between changes in texture and water-soluble pectin (WSP) was determined while total pectin remained relatively constant and oxalate soluble pectin content decreased slightly with irradiation dose. The significant inverse correlation between the loss of firmness and WSP indicates that the changes in WSP play an important role in the tissue softening of tomatoes, This study indicates that irradiation at 0.5 kGy can reduce microbial counts substantially to improve microbial shelf life without adverse effects on sensory qualities. 相似文献
68.
Andrzej Chmura Sven Rustler Monica Paravidino Fred van Rantwijk Andreas Stolz Roger A. Sheldon 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2013,24(19):1225-1232
Enantiomerically pure (S)-mandelic acid was synthesised from benzaldehyde by sequential hydrocyanation and hydrolysis in a bienzymatic cascade at starting concentrations up to 0.25 M. A cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) composed of the (S)-selective oxynitrilase from Manihot esculenta and the non-selective nitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC 191 was employed as the biocatalyst. The nitrilase produces approx. equal amounts of (S)-mandelic acid and (S)-mandelic amide from (S)-mandelonitrile under standard conditions, but we surprisingly found that high (up to 0.5 M) concentrations of HCN induced a marked drift towards amide production. By including the amidase from Rhodococcus erythopolis in the CLEA we obtained (S)-mandelic acid as the sole product in 90% yield and >99% enantiomeric purity. 相似文献
69.
M. Fred Hoover 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(6):1327-1418
This paper is a literature survey of quaternary ammonium, sulfonium, and phosphonium polymers. 相似文献
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